Miles S H, Koepp R, Weber E P
Center for Biomedical Ethics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.
Arch Intern Med. 1996 May 27;156(10):1062-8.
The year 1996 marks the fifth anniversary of the federal Patient Self-Determination Act. The Patient Self-Determination Act required hospitals, nursing homes, and health plans to ask whether patients have advance directives and to incorporate them into the medical record. A "living will" is an advance directive by which a person tells caregivers the circumstances in which life-sustaining treatment is to be provided or forgone if the patient is unable to communicate. A "durable power of attorney for health care" enables one to designate a person to speak on his or her behalf if the author loses decision-making capacity. "Advance planning" is the process of reflection, discussion, and communication of treatment preferences for end-of-life care that precedes and may lead to an advance directive.
1996年是联邦《患者自主决定法案》颁布五周年。《患者自主决定法案》要求医院、疗养院和健康计划询问患者是否有预先指示，并将其纳入病历。“生前遗嘱”是一种预先指示，通过它，一个人可以告诉护理人员，如果患者无法交流，在何种情况下应提供或放弃维持生命的治疗。“医疗保健持久授权书”使一个人能够指定一个人在其失去决策能力时代表他或她发言。“预先规划”是一个反思、讨论和交流临终护理治疗偏好的过程，它先于预先指示并可能导致预先指示的产生。
