Posner S F, Baker L, Heath A, Martin N G
Medical Effectiveness Research Center, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0856, USA.
Behav Genet. 1996 Mar;26(2):123-33. doi: 10.1007/BF02359890.
The nature of the relationship between social contact and attitude similarly between twins was investigated using longitudinal data from a sample of Australian twins. Earlier research has suggested that social attitudes are not explained solely by shared environment; rather there are both genetic and environmental components that explain variance in social attitudes. Using three types of analyses we investigated the magnitude of the relationship and the direction of causation between attitude similarity and social contact. Longitudinal analysis of within-pair variance by level of contact suggests that attitude similarity leads to contact among the females and that similarity is both genetically and environmentally based. Analyses using a crosslag regression model suggest that similarity causes contact among MZ females. Biometrical analyses indicate differences in direction of causation for males and females. Among females, both genetic and shared environmental parameter estimates could be equated across contact groups, suggesting little relationship between contact and similarity. Among males, findings of smaller estimated heritability in the high-contact group suggest that similarity causes contact. However, an increased estimate of the contribution of shared environmental variance in the high-contact males could additionally suggest that contact leads to similarity.
利用来自澳大利亚双胞胎样本的纵向数据，研究了双胞胎之间社会接触与态度相似性之间关系的本质。早期研究表明，社会态度并非仅由共同环境所解释；相反，存在遗传和环境成分共同解释社会态度的差异。我们采用三种分析类型，研究了态度相似性与社会接触之间关系的程度以及因果关系的方向。按接触水平对双胞胎对内方差进行纵向分析表明，态度相似性导致女性之间的接触，且这种相似性既有遗传基础也有环境基础。使用交叉滞后回归模型的分析表明，相似性导致同卵双胞胎女性之间的接触。生物统计学分析表明，男性和女性在因果关系方向上存在差异。在女性中，不同接触组的遗传和共同环境参数估计值可以等同，这表明接触与相似性之间关系不大。在男性中，高接触组中遗传力估计值较小的结果表明，相似性导致接触。然而，高接触男性中共同环境方差贡献估计值的增加可能还表明，接触导致相似性。
