墨西哥城早产和小于胎龄儿出生的风险：工作条件和产前假的影响。
The risk of prematurity and small-for-gestational-age birth in Mexico City: the effects of working conditions and antenatal leave.
作者信息
Cerón-Mireles P, Harlow S D, Sánchez-Carrillo C I
机构信息
National Institute of Public Health of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico.
出版信息
Am J Public Health. 1996 Jun;86(6):825-31. doi: 10.2105/ajph.86.6.825.
OBJECTIVES
This study examined the effect of working conditions, occupational stress, and antenatal leave on risk of small-for-gestational age and premature births in Mexico City.
METHODS
Over a 3-month period, 2663 (96.2%) of 2767 women who gave birth at three major hospitals and worked at least 3 months during pregnancy were interviewed shortly after delivery. After the exclusion of multiple gestations and birth defects, 261 (10.0%) small-for-gestational-age and 288 (11.0%) preterm births were identified.
RESULTS
For small-for-gestational-age births, working more than 50 hours a week (odds ratio [OR] = 1.59), standing more than 7 hours a day (OR = 1.40), and no antenatal leave (OR = 1.55) were associated with an increased risk. Women with no antenatal leave were also much more likely to give birth prematurely (OR = 3.04).
CONCLUSIONS
In this study, arduous working conditions and lack of antenatal leave benefits were found to increase the risk of poor birth outcome in Mexican women. Enforcement of existing antenatal leave laws and provision of comparable benefits for the uninsured may reduce the incidence of small-for-gestational-age births and prematurity.
目的
本研究调查了工作条件、职业压力和产前假对墨西哥城小于胎龄儿和早产风险的影响。
方法
在3个月的时间里，对在三家主要医院分娩且孕期工作至少3个月的2767名女性中的2663名（96.2%）在产后不久进行了访谈。排除多胎妊娠和出生缺陷后，确定了261例（10.0%）小于胎龄儿和288例（11.0%）早产。
结果
对于小于胎龄儿出生，每周工作超过50小时（比值比[OR]=1.59）、每天站立超过7小时（OR=1.40）以及没有产前假（OR=1.55）与风险增加相关。没有产前假的女性早产的可能性也高得多（OR=3.04）。
结论
在本研究中，发现艰苦的工作条件和缺乏产前假福利会增加墨西哥女性不良分娩结局的风险。执行现有的产前假法律并为未参保者提供同等福利可能会降低小于胎龄儿出生和早产的发生率。
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