Prager E, Solomon Z
Gerontology Programs, Bob Shapell School of Social Work, Tel Aviv University Ramat-Aviv, Israel.
Int J Aging Hum Dev. 1995;41(3):203-20. doi: 10.2190/5VCT-XGTV-QHJB-HY6P.
Over a period of six weeks in the winter of 1991, Israel was exposed to hostile enemy actions unlike any others in its history. In the Gulf War, civilians were front-line targets for Scud missiles which fell in the heart of the country's most heavily populated areas. One hundred and sixty-four late middle-aged and elderly Israelis were interviewed with respect to their emotional and behavioral reactions. Subjective health, gender, and attribution of meaning were the most significant variables, explaining most of the variance in the two measures of response. Satisfaction with informal network effectiveness was a relatively strong predictor of change in the affective distress variable. Degree of religious commitment and chronological age were weak but significant predictors of affective distress and social interaction distress respectively. Location of residence in relation to the missile impact zone was of no significance in explaining variance in the dependent measures. The findings are discussed in light of the uniquely subjective, interpretive context of stress phenomena, and the need to identify those variables that explain individual differences among older adults in their responses to stress.
在1991年冬天的六周时间里，以色列遭遇了其历史上从未有过的敌方敌对行动。在海湾战争中，平民成为飞毛腿导弹的前线目标，这些导弹落在该国人口最密集地区的中心。对164名中老年以色列人就其情绪和行为反应进行了访谈。主观健康、性别和意义归因是最重要的变量，解释了两种反应测量中大部分的差异。对非正式网络有效性的满意度是情感困扰变量变化的相对较强的预测指标。宗教虔诚程度和实际年龄分别是情感困扰和社交互动困扰的较弱但显著的预测指标。与导弹撞击区相关的居住位置在解释因变量的差异方面没有意义。根据压力现象独特的主观、解释性背景以及识别那些解释老年人应对压力时个体差异的变量的必要性，对研究结果进行了讨论。
