Walsh R A
Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Newcastle, Australia.
Alcohol Alcohol. 1995 Nov;30(6):689-702.
Many reports have described inadequate responses by doctors to problems associated with alcohol misuse. Low levels of medical knowledge and inappropriate attitudes continue to be documented in the alcohol area. However, in recent years, greater emphasis has been placed on the need to improve doctors' skills in relation to alcohol problem detection and intervention. Experiential teaching approaches have been recommended and strategies which incorporate feedback methods offer considerable promise. In the United Kingdom and Canada, there has been no centrally funded approach to improve alcohol medical education. In contrast, federally funded initiatives in the United States of America and Australia have been associated with impressive increases in alcohol-related teaching hours and elective opportunities. Despite the substantial effort invested in achieving these curriculum gains, there is a dearth of research demonstrating impacts on medical behaviours or evaluating the cost-effectiveness of different educational strategies. Evidence from trials in smoking cessation training indicate that well-designed programmes can alter doctor behaviours in relation to substance abuse. If the alcohol medical education field is to progress, there is an urgent need for the development and evaluation of programmes which are better designed and are more informed by theory.
许多报告都描述了医生对与酒精滥用相关问题的应对不足。在酒精领域，医学知识水平低和态度不当的情况仍有记录。然而，近年来，人们更加重视提高医生在酒精问题检测和干预方面的技能。有人推荐了体验式教学方法，采用反馈方法的策略很有前景。在英国和加拿大，没有中央资助的方法来改善酒精医学教育。相比之下，美国和澳大利亚的联邦资助计划使与酒精相关的教学时间和选修机会大幅增加。尽管为实现这些课程成果投入了大量精力，但缺乏研究证明其对医疗行为的影响或评估不同教育策略的成本效益。戒烟培训试验的证据表明，精心设计的项目可以改变医生在药物滥用方面的行为。如果酒精医学教育领域要取得进展，迫切需要开发和评估设计更好且理论依据更充分的项目。
