Evans H S, Maguire H
South Thames Regional Health Authority.
Commun Dis Rep CDR Rev. 1996 Jun 21;6(7):R103-8.
We present data on outbreaks of infectious intestinal disease in schools and nurseries obtained from the surveillance scheme of all general outbreaks of infectious intestinal disease in England and Wales reported to the PHLS Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre between 1992 and 1994. A minimum set of data was received for 1280 outbreaks, 95 of which (7%) arose in schools and nurseries. The commonest pathogens were salmonellas, Shigella sonnei, and small round structured viruses. The mode of transmission was described as mainly from person to person in 55 outbreaks and mainly foodborne in 30. The mean attack rate was 30% and median duration was 10 days. The attack rate and duration varied with the pathogen involved. Forty-five of the 3118 people reported to have been ill were admitted to hospital. Outbreaks in schools and nurseries are common. Attack rates are high and such outbreaks are often prolonged. Effective infection control policies and appropriate training of staff are needed. Good local systems for surveillance can help identify outbreaks quickly and allow control measures to be applied early.
我们展示了1992年至1994年间,从向英国公共卫生实验室服务处传染病监测中心报告的英格兰和威尔士所有传染性肠道疾病一般暴发监测计划中获取的学校和托儿所传染性肠道疾病暴发数据。共收到1280起暴发事件的最少数据集,其中95起(7%)发生在学校和托儿所。最常见的病原体是沙门氏菌、宋内志贺菌和小圆结构病毒。传播方式在55起暴发事件中被描述为主要是人际传播,在30起中主要是食源性传播。平均发病率为30%,中位数持续时间为10天。发病率和持续时间因所涉及的病原体而异。报告患病的3118人中,有45人住院。学校和托儿所的暴发很常见。发病率很高,而且此类暴发往往持续时间较长。需要有效的感染控制政策和对工作人员进行适当培训。良好的本地监测系统有助于快速识别暴发并尽早采取控制措施。