Capdevila F, Llop D, Guillén N, Luque V, Pérez S, Sellés V, Fernández-Ballart J, Martí-Henneberg C
Unidad de Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Tarragona.
Med Clin (Barc). 2000 Jun 3;115(1):7-14. doi: 10.1016/s0025-7753(00)71448-5.
To study the evolution of the diet and the nutritional intake between 1983 and 1999, by age and sex.
We performed a series of analysis of the food intake on a representative sample of the population of Reus (aged 10-69 years). Dietary intake was estimated using the 24-hours recall method. In 1999 the sample size was 839 individuals, 41% of them having taken part in the studies since 1983. Results are shown as mean (standard deviation).
In 1999, the energy intake was 2524 (582) kcal in men aged 35-44 years (n = 57), and 1827 (490) kcal in women (n = 95) (p < 0.001 between sexes). The energy intake decreases with age (significant trend [p < 0.001] between 15-69 years) and it is higher in men than in women in all the age groups studied. When comparing similar age groups, we observe that this energy intake has not changed significantly since 1983. Between 1983 and 1999 the contribution of the macronutrients to the total energy intake has become more similar between ages and sexes. In 1999, in men aged 35-44 years a 15.6% of the energy came from proteins, 42% from fat and 42.5% from carbohydrates; in women of the same age: a 17.3% of the energy came from proteins, 42.4% from fat and 40.3% from carbohydrates). During this period we observed, however, remarkable changes in the diet which imply the increasing participation of the dairy products, vegetables and meat in the energy intake, or the significant decrease of the role of tubers, eggs and visible fat.
Our population maintains an energy intake without significant changes, and it presents a trend towards a progressive uniformity of the nutritional balance between the different ages and sexes, although there are significant changes in some components of the diet.
按年龄和性别研究1983年至1999年间饮食和营养摄入的演变情况。
我们对雷乌斯市具有代表性的人群样本（年龄在10 - 69岁之间）的食物摄入量进行了一系列分析。采用24小时回忆法估算饮食摄入量。1999年样本量为839人，其中41%自1983年起就参与了这些研究。结果以均值（标准差）表示。
1999年，35 - 44岁男性（n = 57）的能量摄入量为2524（582）千卡，女性（n = 95）为1827（490）千卡（两性之间p < 0.001）。能量摄入量随年龄下降（15 - 69岁之间呈显著趋势[p < 0.001]），且在所有研究年龄组中男性的能量摄入量均高于女性。在比较相似年龄组时，我们发现自1983年以来这种能量摄入量没有显著变化。1983年至1999年间，不同年龄和性别的宏量营养素对总能量摄入的贡献变得更加相似。1999年，35 - 44岁男性中，15.6%的能量来自蛋白质，42%来自脂肪，42.5%来自碳水化合物；同年龄女性中：17.3%的能量来自蛋白质，42.4%来自脂肪，40.3%来自碳水化合物。然而，在此期间我们观察到饮食有显著变化，这意味着乳制品、蔬菜和肉类在能量摄入中的参与度增加，或者块茎类、蛋类和可见脂肪的作用显著下降。
我们的人群能量摄入量保持不变，不同年龄和性别之间的营养平衡呈现出逐渐趋于一致的趋势，尽管饮食的某些成分有显著变化。
