Arija V, Salas Salvadó J, Fernández-Ballart J, Cucó G, Martí-Henneberg C
Unidad de Investigación en Nutrición y Crecimiento Humano, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Tarragona.
Med Clin (Barc). 1996 Jan 20;106(2):45-50.
Nutritional characteristics of the mediterranean diet, with a high intake of complex carbohydrates, fibre, monounsatured fatty acids and vegetables, are related to a lower prevalence of some nutritional associated diseases. The aim of our study was to perform a longitudinal analysis of the evolution of food intake in a mediterranean population in order to observe its influence on the energy and nutritional intake and their balance. The latter could have some effects on health status.
Dietary intake was evaluated using the 24 hours recall method in a representative sample (n = 941, age range = 10-69) of a Reus population. This longitudinal study consisted of 70% of the samples studied in 1983 using identical methodology.
During this decade (1983-1993), energy intake decreased significantly 180 kcal/day for men and 158 kcal/day for women, carbohydrates being the main cause for this drop (132 and 84 kcal/day less for men and women, respectively). Protein intake decreased significantly in both sexes, 5.6% for men and 8.0% for women. However, the evolution of fat intake was different for men (no changes) and for women (a significant decrease of 5.7%). Saturated and monounsatured fatty acids did not show significant changes in this decade. Cholesterol intake decreased significantly in both sexes. Energy percents obtained from lipids, saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids significantly increased. However, in absolute values very little changes in fat intake in both sexes were observed.
The dietary pattern evolved to a lower energy intake with an increment of the percentage of dietary lipids, but this feature was did not reflect a greater fat intake in absolute values. Moreover, the main characteristics of the typical mediterranean diet (which is basically different to the usual diet of other non mediterranean european countries mainly due to its richness in monounsaturated fatty acids) did not change in the period analyzed.
地中海饮食的营养特征包括大量摄入复合碳水化合物、纤维、单不饱和脂肪酸和蔬菜，这与某些营养相关疾病的较低患病率有关。我们研究的目的是对地中海人群的食物摄入量演变进行纵向分析，以观察其对能量和营养摄入及其平衡的影响。后者可能对健康状况产生一些影响。
采用24小时回顾法对雷乌斯人群的代表性样本（n = 941，年龄范围 = 10 - 69岁）进行饮食摄入量评估。这项纵向研究包括1983年使用相同方法研究的70%的样本。
在这十年（1983 - 1993年）期间，男性的能量摄入量显著下降，每天减少180千卡，女性每天减少158千卡，碳水化合物是导致这种下降的主要原因（男性和女性分别减少132千卡和84千卡/天）。男女的蛋白质摄入量均显著下降，男性下降5.6%，女性下降8.0%。然而，男性和女性的脂肪摄入量演变情况不同（男性无变化，女性显著下降5.7%）。饱和脂肪酸和单不饱和脂肪酸在这十年中没有显著变化。男女的胆固醇摄入量均显著下降。从脂质、饱和脂肪酸和单不饱和脂肪酸中获得的能量百分比显著增加。然而，从绝对值来看，男女的脂肪摄入量变化很小。
饮食模式演变为能量摄入量降低，膳食脂质百分比增加，但这一特征在绝对值上并未反映出脂肪摄入量的增加。此外，典型地中海饮食的主要特征（主要因其富含单不饱和脂肪酸，与其他非地中海欧洲国家的通常饮食有很大不同）在所分析的时期内没有改变。
