Smaka-Kincl V, Stegnar P, Lovka M, Toman M J
Public Services Administration, Department of Environmental Protection, Maribor, Slovenia.
Mutat Res. 1996 Jul 5;368(3-4):171-9. doi: 10.1016/s0165-1218(96)90059-2.
The bulbs of Allium cepa were grown in test liquids of various pollution levels as follows: undiluted industrial and municipal waste water; biological treatment plant output water; water from the Drava river upstream and downstream of the city of Maribor; and non-chlorinated drinking water as a negative control test. The paper presents the response of the Allium cepa genetic material to the presence of potential cytotoxic and genotoxic substances in test liquids and the suitability of the Allium cepa testing procedure as a method for short-term determination of water pollution level. The suitability of the Allium test procedure as a system for environmental monitoring is presented. The influence of water pollution on macroscopic and cytologic parameters of the common onion by application of the biological testing method was examined. The macroscopic parameter was inhibition of root growth. The cytological parameters were: aberrant cells in metaphase and anaphase, index of micronuclei appearance and inhibition of cell division. The possibility of categorization the different polluted test liquids into quality classes is presented according to the influence of the test liquids on macroscopic and cytologic parameters. Test liquids are divided into 8 quality classes: the first class is the least polluted surface waters, the second and the third classes are more polluted surface water, the fourth and the fifth classes are biological treatment plant output waters, the sixth till the eighth quality classes are untreated waste waters. The most polluted test liquids (untreated industrial and municipal waste waters) caused sublethal and even lethal effects. The most polluted tested liquids cause the inhibition of root growth over 50% (even up to 74%), decrease of mitotic index over 36% (even up to 66%), increase of presence of interphase cells with micronuclei over 3% and increase of presence of aberrant cells for more than 10 times in comparison to control test.
洋葱鳞茎在不同污染水平的测试液体中生长，如下所示：未稀释的工业和城市废水；生物处理厂出水；马里博尔市上下游德拉瓦河的水；以及未氯化的饮用水作为阴性对照测试。本文介绍了洋葱遗传物质对测试液体中潜在细胞毒性和遗传毒性物质的反应，以及洋葱测试程序作为短期测定水污染水平方法的适用性。介绍了洋葱测试程序作为环境监测系统的适用性。通过应用生物测试方法，研究了水污染对普通洋葱宏观和细胞学参数的影响。宏观参数是根生长的抑制。细胞学参数为：中期和后期的异常细胞、微核出现指数和细胞分裂抑制。根据测试液体对宏观和细胞学参数的影响，提出了将不同污染的测试液体分类为质量等级的可能性。测试液体分为8个质量等级：第一等级是污染最轻的地表水，第二和第三等级是污染较重的地表水，第四和第五等级是生物处理厂出水，第六至第八质量等级是未处理的废水。污染最严重的测试液体（未处理的工业和城市废水）会产生亚致死甚至致死效应。与对照测试相比，污染最严重的测试液体导致根生长抑制超过50%（甚至高达74%），有丝分裂指数降低超过36%（甚至高达66%），有微核的间期细胞出现率增加超过3%，异常细胞出现率增加超过10倍。
