Morrow G R, Rosenthal S N
Behavioral Medicine Unit, University of Rochester Cancer Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
Oncology. 1996 Jun;53 Suppl 1:4-7. doi: 10.1159/000227633.
Anticipatory nausea and vomiting (ANV) are learned responses to chemotherapy that develop in up to 25% of patients by the fourth treatment cycle. Post-treatment nausea and emesis must occur before development of ANV can take place. Certain patient characteristics and other responses to chemotherapy can also be used to predict their occurrence. Once they develop, ANV cannot be controlled by pharmacologic means including use of new 5-HT3 receptor antagonists. By contrast, behavioral therapies involving relaxation, most notably systematic desensitization, can be used to effectively treat ANV. Clinic personnel including oncologists and oncology nurses as well as behavioral psychologists can effectively administer systematic desensitization to chemotherapy patients.
预期性恶心和呕吐（ANV）是对化疗的习得性反应，在第四个治疗周期时，多达25%的患者会出现这种反应。治疗后恶心和呕吐必须在ANV出现之前发生。某些患者特征以及对化疗的其他反应也可用于预测其发生情况。一旦出现，ANV无法通过包括使用新型5-HT3受体拮抗剂在内的药物手段得到控制。相比之下，涉及放松的行为疗法，尤其是系统脱敏疗法，可用于有效治疗ANV。包括肿瘤学家、肿瘤学护士以及行为心理学家在内的临床工作人员可以有效地对化疗患者实施系统脱敏疗法。
