Magann E F, Evans S F, Newnham J P
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, USA.
Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1996 Jul;175(1):182-7. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9378(96)70272-7.
Our purpose was to evaluate the influence of employment and physical exertion on pregnancy outcome as quantified by kilocalories expended each day.
This prospective study assessed 2743 pregnant women who received prenatal care and were delivered at the major perinatal center in Western Australia between May 1989 and November 1991. All women completed an extensive questionnaire on their social, medical, psychosocial, and economic circumstances. The women were allocated to five groups on the basis of kilocalorie expenditure per day.
The characteristics of women in each energy expenditure group were different, with those in the least-expenditure group being younger and shorter, more likely to be living in worse socioeconomic conditions, smoke cigarettes, be nulliparous, and to be of an ethnic group other than white. After confounding effects were adjusted, women in the medium energy expenditure group were delivered of babies of higher birth weight than were women in other groups. However, the differences in birth weight between the energy expenditure categories were small, and mean birth weights within each group were within the normal range. Women in the medium energy expenditure group also had fewer incidences of prelabor rupture of membranes and women in the lower energy expenditure category had increased risks of antepartum admission to the hospital and preterm birth. A variety of other differences were observed in pregnancy outcomes for women in each of the categories of energy expenditure, but most of these differences were explained by the characteristics of the women in each expenditure level rather than the exercise pattern itself.
These results indicate that the effects of daily energy expenditure on pregnancy outcome are not great. Enthusiasm for counseling pregnant women of the benefits or hazards of extremes in daily activity should be tempered by the relative lack of an effect and the fact that most apparent differences are due to confounding variables rather than the exercise itself.
我们的目的是评估就业和体力活动对妊娠结局的影响，以每天消耗的千卡数来量化。
这项前瞻性研究评估了1989年5月至1991年11月期间在西澳大利亚主要围产期中心接受产前护理并分娩的2743名孕妇。所有女性都完成了一份关于她们的社会、医疗、心理社会和经济状况的详细问卷。根据每天的千卡消耗量，将这些女性分为五组。
每个能量消耗组的女性特征不同，能量消耗最少的组中的女性更年轻、更矮，更有可能生活在较差的社会经济条件下，吸烟，未生育，且属于非白人种族。在调整混杂效应后，中等能量消耗组的女性所生婴儿的出生体重高于其他组的女性。然而，能量消耗类别之间的出生体重差异很小，且每组的平均出生体重都在正常范围内。中等能量消耗组的女性胎膜早破的发生率也较低，而低能量消耗组的女性产前入院和早产的风险增加。在每个能量消耗类别中，观察到了孕妇妊娠结局的各种其他差异，但这些差异大多是由每个消耗水平的女性特征所解释，而非运动模式本身。
这些结果表明，每日能量消耗对妊娠结局的影响不大。鉴于影响相对较小，且大多数明显差异是由混杂变量而非运动本身导致的这一事实，在为孕妇提供关于日常活动极端情况的益处或危害的咨询时应保持谨慎。
