Cowles K V
University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee School of Nursing, 53201, USA.
J Adv Nurs. 1996 Feb;23(2):287-94. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.1996.tb02669.x.
The concept of human grief has been of interest to scholars and practitioners for many years. However, there are many aspects of grief about which little is known. One of these is the role that cultural heritage plays in influencing the individual, intrapersonal experience of grief. Through the use of six focus groups, each consisting of persons from a specific cultural background, the investigator explored the concept of grief. The data were thematically analysed and the findings then compared to the findings from a previous concept analysis of grief drawn from professional literature. The findings indicated that individuals from a variety of cultural backgrounds whose knowledge of grief was derived primarily from their personal experiences defined grief in much the same way as had the authors of the professional literature. Most importantly, the findings also clearly indicated that although cultural differences are perceived to exist in mourning rituals, traditions and behavioural expressions of grief, there are no particular differences in the individual, intrapersonal experience of grief that can be attributed to cultural heritage or ethnicity alone. Implications for future research and considerations for practising nurses as they pertain to the highly individual and pervasive nature of grief are presented.
多年来，人类悲伤的概念一直吸引着学者和从业者。然而，悲伤的许多方面仍鲜为人知。其中之一是文化遗产在影响个体内心悲伤体验方面所起的作用。通过六个焦点小组，每个小组由来自特定文化背景的人员组成，研究者探索了悲伤的概念。对数据进行了主题分析，然后将结果与之前从专业文献中进行的悲伤概念分析结果进行比较。结果表明，来自各种文化背景、其悲伤知识主要源于个人经历的个体，对悲伤的定义与专业文献的作者大致相同。最重要的是，结果还清楚地表明，尽管在哀悼仪式、传统和悲伤的行为表现中存在文化差异，但悲伤的个体内心体验并没有因文化遗产或种族本身而存在特定差异。文中还提出了对未来研究的启示以及执业护士在面对悲伤的高度个体性和普遍性时的考虑因素。
