Junge A, Cheung K, Edwards T, Dvorak J
Schulthess Klinik, FIFA-Medical Assessment and Research Centre (F-MARC), Zurich, Switzerland.
Br J Sports Med. 2004 Apr;38(2):168-72. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.2002.003020.
In reviewing the literature on sports injuries, few studies could be found in which exposure related incidences of injury in different types of sport were compared. These studies indicated that ice hockey, handball, basketball, soccer, and rugby are popular team sports with a relatively high risk of injury. The aim of the study was to compare the characteristics and incidence of injuries in male youth amateur soccer and rugby players.
This prospective cohort study comprised an initial baseline examination to ascertain the characteristics of the players and their level of performance, and a one season observation period during which a physician visited the team weekly and documented all occurring injuries. Twelve soccer and 10 rugby school teams with male amateur players aged 14-18 years were selected for the study. 145 soccer and 123 rugby players could be followed up over one season.
Comparison of the incidence of soccer and rugby injuries indicated that rugby union football was associated with a significantly higher rate of injury than soccer. The differences were pronounced for contact injuries, injuries of the head, neck, shoulder, and upper extremity, as well as for concussion, fractures, dislocations, and strains. Rugby players incurred 1.5 times more overuse and training injuries in relation to exposure time, and 2.7 times more match injuries than soccer players. Three rugby players but no soccer players had to stop their participation in sport because of severe injury.
The incidence of injury in New Zealand school teams playing soccer or rugby union is high, probably in part because of the low ratio of hours spent in training relative to hours spent playing matches. The development and implementation of preventive interventions to reduce the rate and severity of injury is recommended.
在回顾体育损伤相关文献时，很少能找到比较不同类型运动中与暴露相关的损伤发生率的研究。这些研究表明，冰球、手球、篮球、足球和橄榄球是受欢迎的团体运动，受伤风险相对较高。本研究的目的是比较男性青少年业余足球和橄榄球运动员损伤的特征和发生率。
这项前瞻性队列研究包括一次初始基线检查，以确定运动员的特征及其表现水平，以及一个赛季的观察期，在此期间，一名医生每周访问球队并记录所有发生的损伤。选择了12支足球校队和10支橄榄球校队，队员为14 - 18岁的男性业余球员。在一个赛季中，对145名足球运动员和123名橄榄球运动员进行了随访。
足球和橄榄球损伤发生率的比较表明，英式橄榄球的受伤率明显高于足球。在接触性损伤、头部、颈部、肩部和上肢损伤以及脑震荡、骨折、脱位和拉伤方面，差异尤为明显。与暴露时间相关，橄榄球运动员的过度使用和训练损伤是足球运动员的1.5倍，比赛损伤是足球运动员的2.7倍。三名橄榄球运动员因重伤不得不停止参加运动，而足球运动员没有。
新西兰参加足球或英式橄榄球的校队受伤发生率很高，这可能部分是由于训练时间与比赛时间的比例较低。建议制定和实施预防性干预措施，以降低损伤的发生率和严重程度。
