Klatsky A L
Division of Cardiology, Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program, Oakland, California 94611, USA.
Annu Rev Med. 1996;47:149-60. doi: 10.1146/annurev.med.47.1.149.
Disparities in the relationships between alcohol consumption and various cardiovascular conditions are now evident, with complex interrelationships between conditions. An inverse relationship of alcohol use to coronary heart disease is supported by many population studies. Interpretation of these data as a protective effect of alcohol against coronary disease is strengthened by plausible mechanisms. Although some experimental data suggest the hypothesis that wine, in particular, has additional protective benefit, prospective studies show no consensus on this point. Strong, consistent epidemiologic data support a relationship of heavier drinking to hypertension. Intervention studies show a pressor effect of alcohol, which appears and regresses within several days, but a mechanism has not yet been established. As with most aspects of alcohol and health effects, the data do not suggest monotonic relationships of alcohol with these conditions. Thus, amount of alcohol taken is a crucial consideration. Advice to concerned persons needs to take into account individual factors in drinkers or potential drinkers.
饮酒与各种心血管疾病之间关系的差异现在很明显，各种疾病之间存在复杂的相互关系。许多人群研究都支持饮酒与冠心病之间存在反比关系。合理的机制进一步证明了将这些数据解释为酒精对冠心病具有保护作用的观点。尽管一些实验数据提出了葡萄酒尤其具有额外保护作用的假设，但前瞻性研究在这一点上并未达成共识。强有力且一致的流行病学数据支持大量饮酒与高血压之间存在关联。干预研究表明酒精具有升压作用，这种作用在几天内出现并消退，但尚未确定其机制。与酒精对健康影响的大多数方面一样，数据并未表明酒精与这些疾病之间存在单调关系。因此，饮酒量是一个关键考虑因素。向相关人员提供的建议需要考虑饮酒者或潜在饮酒者的个体因素。
