Mercier C, Blond M H
Department of Anesthesiology, Pediatric Unit, Tours, France.
Burns. 1996 Feb;22(1):29-34. doi: 10.1016/0305-4179(95)00073-9.
Among domestic injuries in children, skin burns deserve special attention because they can lead to severe residual lesions. Their frequency has been reported to range from 3 to 8 per cent of all childhood injuries, but few epidemiological data have been collected in France. This study was undertaken to improve our knowledge of this public-health problem. A 20-item epidemiological questionnaire developed by the SFETB was used to collect prospective data on childhood burn injuries managed over a 12-month period in 14 burn centres and 18 paediatric surgery units in France. Of the 937 patients included in the study, 606 were contributed by burn centres and 331 by paediatric surgery units. Descriptive analysis and tests for correlations between several parameters showed that the typical burn-injury patient was a boy (61.6 per cent) with a mean age of 47 months, who suffered a scald burn (64.1 per cent) in the kitchen (56.2 per cent). The bathroom (13.6 per cent) was found to be an especially dangerous room because of the presence of hot water taps (shower, bathtub) and the high risk of an immersion injury. Burns due to ignition of volatile substances (16.95 per cent) were less common, but caused seven of the 11 deaths recorded in this survey. Most burn injuries were superficial lesions (59 per cent) covering less than 10 per cent of the body surface (56.2 per cent). However, grafting was required in 35 per cent of patients. Epidemiological surveys provide objective information on hazardous agents and on the settings in which burns are most likely to occur. They are essential for the development of appropriate preventive strategies, which are still receiving insufficient emphasis in the European Economic Community (EEC).
在儿童家庭伤害中，皮肤烧伤值得特别关注，因为它们可能导致严重的后遗症。据报道，其发生率占所有儿童伤害的3%至8%，但法国收集的流行病学数据很少。开展这项研究是为了增进我们对这个公共卫生问题的了解。由法国烧伤治疗与烧伤预防协会（SFETB）编制的一份包含20个项目的流行病学调查问卷，用于收集法国14个烧伤中心和18个小儿外科单位在12个月期间治疗的儿童烧伤伤害的前瞻性数据。在纳入该研究的937例患者中，606例由烧伤中心提供，331例由小儿外科单位提供。描述性分析以及几个参数之间的相关性检验表明，典型的烧伤患者是男孩（61.6%），平均年龄为47个月，在厨房（56.2%）发生烫伤（64.1%）。由于有热水龙头（淋浴喷头、浴缸）以及浸没伤风险高，浴室（13.6%）被发现是一个特别危险的房间。挥发性物质着火导致的烧伤（16.95%）不太常见，但在本次调查记录的11例死亡病例中，有7例是由其所致。大多数烧伤为浅表损伤（59%），体表面积覆盖不到10%（56.2%）。然而，35%的患者需要进行植皮手术。流行病学调查提供了关于危险因素以及烧伤最可能发生环境的客观信息。它们对于制定适当的预防策略至关重要，而在欧洲经济共同体（EEC），预防策略仍未得到足够重视。
