Cahill J
Department of Psychology, Rowan College of New Jersey, Glassboro 08028-1763, USA.
Am J Ind Med. 1996 Apr;29(4):308-13. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0274(199604)29:4<308::AID-AJIM6>3.0.CO;2-K.
Attention to psychosocial hazards in work environments should become an increasingly important component of occupational safety and health interventions. Research findings have linked a number of measurable psychosocial characteristics with negative psychological and physiological consequences. Some serious physical health hazards have also been found to have psychosocial components. Several economic trends indicate that more jobs will be created with high levels of psychosocial hazards. These economic trends include a decline in wages, a move away from a manufacturing base, increased hours of work, a decline in unionization rates, and poorly implemented technological changes. Intervention strategies developed to reduce psychosocial stressors must address the multiple cause of psychosocial hazards and the multiple symptoms they produce. Additional challenges include assessing psychosocial changes within the sometimes contradictory framework of organizational and social changes. Nevertheless, comprehensive efforts to improve both the health and safety and the overall quality of working life need to incorporate psychosocial variables into their designs.
关注工作环境中的社会心理危害应成为职业安全与健康干预措施中日益重要的组成部分。研究结果已将一些可衡量的社会心理特征与负面心理和生理后果联系起来。还发现一些严重的身体健康危害具有社会心理因素。若干经济趋势表明，将会创造出更多具有高度社会心理危害的工作岗位。这些经济趋势包括工资下降、制造业基地转移、工作时长增加、工会化率下降以及技术变革实施不力。为减少社会心理压力源而制定的干预策略必须应对社会心理危害的多重成因及其产生的多种症状。其他挑战包括在组织和社会变革有时相互矛盾的框架内评估社会心理变化。尽管如此，为改善健康与安全以及工作生活总体质量而做出的全面努力需要在其设计中纳入社会心理变量。
