Schulte P A, Goldenhar L M, Connally L B
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998, USA.
Am J Ind Med. 1996 Apr;29(4):285-8. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0274(199604)29:4<285::AID-AJIM1>3.0.CO;2-O.
Despite a rich history of etiological research, the field of occupational safety and health does not have a rigorous history of research on what works and does not work to prevent and control occupational diseases and injuries. National and global transformations of economies and workplaces with enhanced competitiveness require more attention to options for interventions. A three-pronged approach to building a body of knowledge on intervention research in occupational health and safety is identified in this paper. The approach focuses on the science, skills, and strategies that can be useful in intervention research. Scientifically, researchers can draw on constructs and techniques from epidemiology, evaluation practice, and clinical trials. Experimental and nonexperimental approaches have value for occupational studies. The skills needed represent a range of disciplines beyond those traditional of health and safety; social scientists, economists, and organizational theorists often need to be part of research teams. Strategic approaches involve more labor-management partnerships, prospective study designs, and the use of intermediate and surrogate indicators. The strategic challenge will be to conduct intervention research against a backdrop of overriding political and economic pressures.
尽管病因学研究历史悠久，但职业安全与健康领域在预防和控制职业病及工伤方面，对于哪些措施有效、哪些无效的研究历史并不严谨。随着经济和工作场所的国家及全球转型，竞争力不断增强，这就需要更多地关注干预选项。本文确定了一种构建职业健康与安全干预研究知识体系的三管齐下方法。该方法侧重于可用于干预研究的科学、技能和策略。从科学角度来看，研究人员可以借鉴流行病学、评估实践和临床试验的概念与技术。实验性和非实验性方法对职业研究都有价值。所需技能涵盖了健康与安全传统领域之外的一系列学科；社会科学家、经济学家和组织理论家通常需要成为研究团队的一部分。战略性方法涉及更多的劳资伙伴关系、前瞻性研究设计以及中间指标和替代指标的使用。战略挑战将是在压倒性的政治和经济压力背景下开展干预研究。
