Franko D L, Rolfe S
Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
Psychiatry. 1996 Spring;59(1):108-16. doi: 10.1080/00332747.1996.11024753.
THE term countertransference has undergone considerable change in meaning in recent decades. Freud (1910/1957) defined countertransference as the emotional reaction of the analyst to a patient's transference. It was seen as the unresolved needs and conflicts of the therapist, often unconscious, which interfered with his/her understanding of the patient. Recently, Abend (1989) chronicled the shift in the definition of the term and noted Kernberg's (1965) more totalistic" description of countertransference. In Kernberg's view, the therapist's reactions have more to do with the patient's often intense transference and with the therapist's capacity to withstand the subsequent stress and anxiety, than with any particular problem from the patient's past. Abend (1989) concluded that most clinicians refer to countertransference in this revised way and used the term quite broadly to denote "all those reactions of the analyst to the patient that may help or hinder treatment" (Slakter 1987, p. 3).
近几十年来，“反移情”一词的含义发生了相当大的变化。弗洛伊德（1910/1957）将反移情定义为分析师对患者移情的情感反应。它被视为治疗师未解决的需求和冲突，通常是无意识的，这会干扰他/她对患者的理解。最近，阿本德（1989）记录了该术语定义的转变，并指出了克恩伯格（1965）对反移情更“全面”的描述。在克恩伯格看来，治疗师的反应更多地与患者通常强烈的移情以及治疗师承受随后压力和焦虑的能力有关，而不是与患者过去的任何特定问题有关。阿本德（1989）得出结论，大多数临床医生以这种修订后的方式提及反移情，并广泛使用该术语来表示“分析师对患者的所有那些可能有助于或阻碍治疗的反应”（斯拉特克，1987年，第3页）。
