Kihlstrom J F
Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8205, USA.
Conscious Cogn. 1995 Dec;4(4):379-86. doi: 10.1006/ccog.1995.1045.
Claparède's report of a case of amnesic syndrome is an early example of the cognitive neuropsychology paradigm, by which studies of brain-damaged patients are used to shed light on the nature of normal mental processes. The case illustrates the selective impairment of episodic memory, with procedural and semantic memory remaining intact. Moreover, the several demonstrations of preserved learning during amnesia comprise an early illustration of the dissociation between explicit and implicit memory. However, its greatest contemporary relevance is for theories of conscious recollection. Claparède underscored the role of the self, viewed as a knowledge structure, in conscious mental life, and he drew attention to three different modes of recognition: remembering, inferring, and knowing.
克拉帕雷德对一例遗忘综合征病例的报告是认知神经心理学范式的早期实例，通过该范式，对脑损伤患者的研究被用于揭示正常心理过程的本质。该病例说明了情景记忆的选择性损伤，而程序记忆和语义记忆保持完好。此外，遗忘症期间保留学习能力的多项证明是外显记忆和内隐记忆分离的早期例证。然而，它在当代最大的相关性在于有意识回忆的理论。克拉帕雷德强调了自我作为一种知识结构在有意识心理生活中的作用，他还提请人们注意三种不同的识别模式：记忆、推理和知晓。
