Parkin A J, Gardiner J M, Rosser R
Laboratory of Experimental Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom.
Conscious Cogn. 1995 Dec;4(4):387-98. doi: 10.1006/ccog.1995.1046.
This article describes two experiments on awareness in recognition memory for novel faces. Two kinds of awareness, recollective experience and feelings of familiarity in the absence of recollective experience, were measured by "remember" and "know" responses. Experiment 1 showed that "remember" but not "know" responses were reduced by divided attention at study. Experiment 2 showed that massed versus spaced repetition of faces in the study list had opposite effects on "remember" and "know" responses. Massed repetition increased "know" responses and reduced "remember" responses. Spaced repetition increased "remember" responses and reduced "know" responses. The results of both experiments replicate previous findings from the verbal domain in the domain of face recognition, and hence they increase the ecological validity of this experimental approach to memory and awareness and the generality of its database. These findings are discussed from a rehearsal perspective on factors influencing the two states of awareness and in relation to the alternative "process dissociation" procedure.
本文描述了两项关于新面孔识别记忆中的意识的实验。通过“记得”和“知道”反应来测量两种意识，即回忆性体验以及在没有回忆性体验时的熟悉感。实验1表明，在学习时进行分散注意力会降低“记得”反应，但不会降低“知道”反应。实验2表明，学习列表中面孔的集中重复与间隔重复对“记得”和“知道”反应有相反的影响。集中重复增加了“知道”反应，减少了“记得”反应。间隔重复增加了“记得”反应，减少了“知道”反应。这两项实验的结果重复了之前在言语领域中面孔识别领域的研究发现，因此它们提高了这种记忆和意识实验方法的生态效度及其数据库的普遍性。从影响两种意识状态的因素的复述角度以及与替代性“过程分离”程序的关系来讨论这些发现。
