Choudat D, Dambrine G, Delemotte B, Coudert F
Faculté de médecine Cochin Port-Royal, Université Paris V, France.
Occup Environ Med. 1996 Jun;53(6):403-10. doi: 10.1136/oem.53.6.403.
To compare the prevalence of antibodies against Marek's disease herpes virus (MDV) and against avian leukosis viruses type C (ALV) in groups of workers exposed to poultry and in unexposed groups.
Antibodies directed against avian viral proteins were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay in 549 subjects. Exposure to chickens was high in two subgroups: farmers on intensive chicken farms and workers at chicken slaughterhouses. One subgroup, traditional farmers on dairy or pig farms with poultry, had moderate exposure to poultry. Another subgroup, farmers and slaughterhouse workers on quail farms, had high exposure to quails. Three subgroups were not exposed to chickens: farmers on dairy or pig farms without poultry, workers at cattle slaughterhouses, and white collar workers. Also, MDV antibodies were tested after serum sample adsorption with chicken antigens in 134 serum samples.
The prevalence of antibodies against MDV was significantly higher in the exposed subgroups than in unexposed groups (odds ratio (OR) 6.17; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 3.91-9.75). No association was found between seroprevalence and age. However, higher prevalence was found among women and was related to duration of exposure to chickens. The concentration of antibodies from a few subjects remained very high after adsorption. Significant differences between the men and women were found for the prevalence of antibodies for ALV but were not related to exposure to chickens.
The prevalence of antibodies against MDV was significantly higher among workers exposed to chickens and was related to sex and duration of exposure. The higher prevalence of antibodies against avian oncogenic viruses found among women compared with men may be induced by differences in exposure or by genetic factors. The meaning of these high titres could be related to the presence of MDV in humans. Because the involvement of animal oncogenic viruses in human cancer is indicated by epidemiological and some experimental studies, the integration of viral DNA in human cells needs to be investigated.
比较接触家禽的工人组和未接触组中抗马立克氏病疱疹病毒（MDV）和抗C型禽白血病病毒（ALV）抗体的流行情况。
采用酶联免疫吸附试验检测了549名受试者针对禽病毒蛋白的抗体。两个亚组接触鸡的程度较高：集约化养鸡场的农民和鸡屠宰场的工人。一个亚组，即有家禽的奶牛场或养猪场的传统农民，接触家禽的程度适中。另一个亚组，鹌鹑养殖场的农民和屠宰场工人，接触鹌鹑的程度较高。三个亚组未接触鸡：没有家禽的奶牛场或养猪场的农民、牛屠宰场的工人和白领工人。此外，对134份血清样本用鸡抗原吸附血清样本后检测了MDV抗体。
接触亚组中抗MDV抗体的流行率显著高于未接触组（优势比（OR）6.17；95%置信区间（95%CI）3.91 - 9.75）。血清阳性率与年龄之间未发现关联。然而，女性中的流行率较高，且与接触鸡的持续时间有关。少数受试者的抗体浓度在吸附后仍非常高。男性和女性在抗ALV抗体流行率上存在显著差异，但与接触鸡无关。
接触鸡的工人中抗MDV抗体的流行率显著更高，且与性别和接触持续时间有关。与男性相比，女性中抗禽致癌病毒抗体的较高流行率可能是由接触差异或遗传因素引起的。这些高滴度抗体的意义可能与人类中MDV的存在有关。由于流行病学和一些实验研究表明动物致癌病毒与人类癌症有关，因此需要研究病毒DNA在人类细胞中的整合情况。
