Takezaki T, Hirose K, Inoue M, Hamajima N, Kuroishi T, Nakamura S, Koshikawa T, Matsuura H, Tajima K
Division of Epidemiology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan.
Jpn J Cancer Res. 1996 Jun;87(6):555-62. doi: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.1996.tb00259.x.
The mortality rate among Japanese men due to oral cancer is increasing, but risk factors among Japanese other than smoking and drinking have not been examined. To investigate the dietary factors involved in oral cancer, we conducted a hospital-based case-referent study in Aichi, Japan. Cases comprised 189 men and 77 women aged 20-79 years with one of the following cancers: tongue, mouth, oropharynx and hypopharynx. The reference group comprised 9,858 male and 26,669 female out-patients without cancer. Smoking and drinking were highly associated with an increased risk of oral cancer. Japanese sake showed a lower odds ratio (OR) than beer or hard liquor (OR= 3.6, 4.5 and 4.8, respectively). In the cross analysis between smoking and drinking, smoking combined with drinking increased the risk of oral cancer to three times that of smoking only (OR=6.2 vs. 2.2). Frequent intake of raw vegetables (OR = 0.5) and fruit (OR = 0.5) were inversely associated with the risk of oral cancer after adjustment for age, sex, smoking, drinking and year of visit. Western-style breakfast and salty food preference decreased the risk of oral cancer, and salty food preference was still statistically significant by multivariate analysis (OR= 0.7). In conclusion, smoking cessation, drinking control and frequent intake of raw vegetables and fruit among Japanese are likely to be effective preventive measures against oral cancer.
日本男性因口腔癌导致的死亡率正在上升，但除吸烟和饮酒外，日本人群中的风险因素尚未得到研究。为了调查与口腔癌相关的饮食因素，我们在日本爱知县开展了一项基于医院的病例对照研究。病例包括189名年龄在20至79岁之间的男性和77名女性，他们患有以下癌症之一：舌癌、口腔癌、口咽癌和下咽癌。对照组包括9858名男性和26669名女性门诊患者，他们均无癌症。吸烟和饮酒与口腔癌风险增加高度相关。日本清酒的优势比（OR）低于啤酒或烈性酒（OR分别为3.6、4.5和4.8）。在吸烟与饮酒的交叉分析中，吸烟与饮酒相结合使口腔癌风险增加到仅吸烟的三倍（OR = 6.2对2.2）。在调整年龄、性别、吸烟、饮酒和就诊年份后，经常食用生蔬菜（OR = 0.5）和水果（OR = 0.5）与口腔癌风险呈负相关。西式早餐和偏爱咸味食物可降低口腔癌风险，并且在多变量分析中偏爱咸味食物仍具有统计学意义（OR = 0.7）。总之，日本人戒烟、控制饮酒以及经常食用生蔬菜和水果可能是预防口腔癌的有效措施。
