Fonagy P, Target M
Anna Freud Centre, London.
Int J Psychoanal. 1996 Apr;77 ( Pt 2):217-33.
The authors of this paper discuss changes in the child's perception of psychic reality during normal development, highlighting a major shift in the child's understanding of minds ('theory of mind') at the oedipal stage. They illustrate this transition with material from the analysis of a 4-year-old girl. They maintain that the very young child uses two forms of psychic reality, which they have called 'psychic equivalent' and 'pretend' modes, which differ primarily in the assumed relationship between internal and external realities. The integration of the dual modes into a singular reflective mode is normally completed by about the age of 4, with affect leading cognition: the child first understands that people have different feelings, then that they may have different thoughts about the same external reality. The authors describe normal psychological growth and neurotic pathology, in which the integration of these two modes of functioning has been only partly achieved.
本文作者探讨了儿童在正常发育过程中心理现实认知的变化，着重强调了儿童在俄狄浦斯阶段对心智理解（“心理理论”）的重大转变。他们用对一名4岁女孩的分析材料来说明这一转变。他们认为，幼儿使用两种心理现实形式，他们将其称为“心理等同”和“假装”模式，这两种模式的主要区别在于内在与外在现实之间的假定关系。这两种模式通常在4岁左右整合为单一的反思模式，情感引领认知：儿童首先理解人们有不同的感受，然后理解他们可能对同一外在现实有不同的想法。作者描述了正常心理成长和神经症病理，其中这两种功能模式的整合仅部分实现。
