Rosenbaum M, Ravussin E, Matthews D E, Gilker C, Ferraro R, Heymsfield S B, Hirsch J, Leibel R L
Laboratory of Human Behavior and Metabolism, Rockefeller University, New York 10021, USA.
Am J Physiol. 1996 Mar;270(3 Pt 2):R496-504. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.1996.270.3.R496.
We compared three independent techniques for measurement of total energy expenditure (TEE) in human subjects: 1) weight-maintaining energy intake (dietTEE), 2) 24-h chamber calorimetry (chamberTEE), and 3) differential elimination rates 2H2O and H(2)18O (isotopeTEE). Twenty-three healthy adult in-patients [19 never obese (NO), 2 obese (OB), and 2 formerly-obese (RO); 9 female, 14 malel] ingested a liquid formula diet (40% of calories as fat, 45% carbohydrate, 15% protein), the volume of which was adjusted until body weight was stable for at least 14 days. Body composition was then determined by hydrodensitometry, isotope dilution, and dual photon beam absorptiometry (DXA). The thermic effect of feeding (TEF) and resting energy expenditure [REE; measured before arising (dietREE) and after arising (chamberREE)] were determined by indirect calorimetry. Non-resting energy expenditure (NREE) was calculated as NREE = TEE - (REE + TEF). Subjects then gained or lost 10% of their body weight and were restudied as described above. All measures of TEE were significantly correlated (dietTEE vs. chamberTEE r2 = 0.75; dietTEE vs. isotopeTEE r2 = 0.88; isotopeTEE vs. chamberTEE r2 = 0.73; P < 0.0001). ChamberTEE (mean +/- SE = 2,107 +/- 64 kcal/day) was approximately 20% lower than either dietTEE (2,536 +/- 94 kcal/day, P < 0.0001) or isotopeTEE (2,564 +/- 83 kcal/day, P < 0.0001). When data were normalized to metabolic mass, weight gain of 10% was associated with significant increases in dietTEE (P < 0.005) and isotopeTEE (P < 0.05) but not chamberTEE; weight loss of 10% was associated with significant reductions in dietTEE (P < 0.005) and isotopeTEE (P < 0.05) but not chamberTEE. We conclude that measures of energy expenditure obtained in a highly controlled environment by caloric titration (dietTEE) or differential excretion rates of 2H2O and H(2)18O (isotopeTEE) are not significantly different and that measurements of TEE obtained in a respiratory chamber (chamberTEE) are significantly lower than dietTEE or isotopeTEE, probably largely due to limitations on physical activity in the chamber.
我们比较了三种测量人体受试者总能量消耗（TEE）的独立技术：1）维持体重的能量摄入（饮食TEE），2）24小时室内量热法（室内TEE），以及3）2H2O和H(2)18O的差异消除率（同位素TEE）。23名健康成年住院患者[19名非肥胖者（NO），2名肥胖者（OB），2名曾经肥胖者（RO）；9名女性，14名男性]摄入了一种液体配方饮食（40%的热量来自脂肪，45%来自碳水化合物，15%来自蛋白质），其摄入量经过调整，直到体重稳定至少14天。然后通过水下密度测量法、同位素稀释法和双光子束吸收法（DXA）测定身体成分。通过间接量热法测定进食的热效应（TEF）和静息能量消耗[REE；在起床前（饮食REE）和起床后（室内REE）测量]。非静息能量消耗（NREE）计算为NREE = TEE - （REE + TEF）。受试者随后体重增加或减少10%，并按上述方法重新进行研究。所有TEE测量值均显著相关（饮食TEE与室内TEE，r2 = 0.75；饮食TEE与同位素TEE，r2 = 0.88；同位素TEE与室内TEE，r2 = 0.73；P < 0.0001）。室内TEE（平均值±标准误 = 2,107 ± 64千卡/天）比饮食TEE（2,536 ± 94千卡/天，P < 0.0001）或同位素TEE（2,564 ± 83千卡/天，P < 0.0001）大约低20%。当数据根据代谢质量进行标准化时，体重增加10%与饮食TEE（P < 0.005）和同位素TEE（P < 0.05）的显著增加相关，但与室内TEE无关；体重减少10%与饮食TEE（P < 0.005）和同位素TEE（P < 0.05）的显著降低相关，但与室内TEE无关。我们得出结论，通过热量滴定法（饮食TEE）或2H2O和H(2)18O的差异排泄率（同位素TEE）在高度受控环境中获得的能量消耗测量值没有显著差异，并且通过呼吸室获得的TEE测量值（室内TEE）显著低于饮食TEE或同位素TEE，这可能主要是由于室内身体活动受限所致。
