Bruemmer B, White E, Vaughan T L, Cheney C L
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Division of Clinical Research, Seattle, WA, USA.
Am J Epidemiol. 1996 Sep 1;144(5):485-95. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008955.
This population-based case-control study examined the association between selected nutrients, foods, and diet behaviors and bladder cancer. Bladder cancer cases (n = 262) were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program cancer registry for western Washington, and controls (n = 405) were identified through random digit dialing. Cases were diagnosed between January 1987 and June 1990, and eligible subjects were Caucasian, aged 45-65 years, and residents of King, Pierce, or Snohomish counties. Subjects completed a self-administered, 71-item food frequency questionnaire and a structured telephone interview. Analyses were conducted by logistic regression analysis and included adjustment for age, sex, smoking (current, former, never), and county. Odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals for highest versus lowest level of intake were examined. An inverse association was found between the risk of bladder cancer and dietary retinol (odds ratio (OR) across quartiles: 1.00, 1.09, 0.97, and 0.52; 95% CI 0.29-0.97; trend p value = 0.03) and dietary vitamin C (OR across quartiles: 1.00, 0.96, 0.67, and 0.50; 95% CI 0.28-0.88; trend p value = 0.009), adjusted for calories. The use of multivitamin supplements daily over the 10-year period ending 2 years before diagnosis versus no use was associated with a decreased risk of bladder cancer (OR = 0.39; 95% CI 0.24-0.63) as was use of supplemental vitamin C (OR for > 502 mg/day over the 10 years vs. none = 0.40; 95% CI 0.21-0.76). Increased intake of fruit was associated with a decreased risk of bladder cancer (OR across quartiles: 1.00, 1.24, 0.72, and 0.53; 95% CI 0.30-0.93; trend p value = 0.01, adjusted for calories), while increased use of fried foods was associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer (OR across quartiles: 1.00, 1.51, 1.81, and 2.24; 95% CI 1.25-4.03; trend p value = 0.006). This study provides modest evidence that certain nutrients, foods, and supplementation may affect the incidence of bladder cancer.
这项基于人群的病例对照研究考察了特定营养素、食物及饮食行为与膀胱癌之间的关联。膀胱癌病例（n = 262）来自华盛顿州西部的监测、流行病学和最终结果（SEER）癌症登记处，对照（n = 405）通过随机数字拨号确定。病例于1987年1月至1990年6月期间确诊，符合条件的受试者为白人，年龄在45 - 65岁之间，居住在金县、皮尔斯县或斯诺霍米什县。受试者完成了一份71项的自填式食物频率问卷和一次结构化电话访谈。分析采用逻辑回归分析，并对年龄、性别、吸烟情况（当前吸烟者、既往吸烟者、从不吸烟者）及所在县进行了校正。研究考察了摄入量最高组与最低组相比的比值比及其95%置信区间。在校正热量摄入后，发现膀胱癌风险与膳食视黄醇（四分位数的比值比（OR）：1.00、1.09、0.97和0.52；95%置信区间0.29 - 0.97；趋势p值 = 0.03）以及膳食维生素C（四分位数的OR：1.00、0.96、0.67和0.50；95%置信区间0.28 - 0.88；趋势p值 = 0.009）呈负相关。在诊断前2年结束的10年期间每日服用多种维生素补充剂与未服用相比，膀胱癌风险降低（OR = 0.39；95%置信区间0.24 - 0.63），补充维生素C的情况也是如此（10年中每日摄入量>502毫克与未摄入相比的OR = 0.40；95%置信区间0.21 - 0.76）。水果摄入量增加与膀胱癌风险降低相关（四分位数的OR：1.00、1.24、0.72和0.53；95%置信区间0.30 - 0.93；趋势p值 = 0.01，校正热量摄入后），而油炸食品食用量增加与膀胱癌风险增加相关（四分位数的OR：1.00、1.51、1.81和2.24；95%置信区间1.25 - 4.03；趋势p值 = 0.
