Kinge B, Midelfart A
University of Trondheim, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Norway.
Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 1994 Mar;1(1):5-13. doi: 10.3109/09286589409071440.
This study reveals the prevalence of refractive errors in a group of young adults (mean age 20.6 years) exposed to high educational demands, including much reading. In all, 224 (117 females, 107 males) first-year engineering students were subjectively refracted. A prevalence of myopia of 46.9% (right eye), 49.1% (left eye) and 42.9% (both eyes), and a prevalence of hyperopia of 29.5% (right eye), 28.1% (left eye) and 23.2% (both eyes) was detected. The mean refractive error in the whole group was -0.6 +/- 2.2 D (right eye), -0.7 +/- 2.4 D (left eye) and -0.7 +/- 2.3 D (both eyes). As many as 56.4% (n = 57) of the myopic students had either no corrective lenses (11.9%, n = 12) or had their first corrective lenses prescribed at the age of 16 years or later (44.6%, n = 45). There was no significant difference in the prevalence of myopia between female and male students. No significant difference regarding body height was found among men in the different groups of refractive errors, but a significant difference was detected among women. We found no statistically significant relationship between intraocular pressure and any refractive error among men or women.
本研究揭示了一组面临高学业要求（包括大量阅读）的年轻成年人（平均年龄20.6岁）屈光不正的患病率。共有224名（117名女性，107名男性）一年级工科学生接受了主观验光。检测到近视患病率右眼为46.9%，左眼为49.1%，双眼为42.9%；远视患病率右眼为29.5%，左眼为28.1%，双眼为23.2%。整个组的平均屈光不正度数右眼为-0.6±2.2D，左眼为-0.7±2.4D，双眼为-0.7±2.3D。多达56.4%（n = 57）的近视学生要么没有矫正眼镜（11.9%，n = 12），要么在16岁及以后才首次配镜（44.6%，n = 45）。男女学生的近视患病率没有显著差异。在不同屈光不正组的男性中，未发现身高有显著差异，但在女性中检测到显著差异。我们发现男性或女性的眼压与任何屈光不正之间均无统计学上的显著关系。
