高产泌乳母猪的缬氨酸需求

Valine requirement of the high-producing lactating sow.

作者信息

Richert B T, Tokach M D, Goodband R D, Nelssen J L, Pettigrew J E, Walker R D, Johnston L J

机构信息

Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506-0201, USA.

出版信息

J Anim Sci. 1996 Jun;74(6):1307-13. doi: 10.2527/1996.7461307x.

DOI:10.2527/1996.7461307x

PMID:8791203

Abstract

Two hundred three (40 or 41/treatment, average parity 4.3) Large White x Landrace or Large White x Chester White x Landrace sows were used to determine the valine requirement of sows with a genetic capacity for high milk production. All diets were formulated to contain .90% total lysine, with all amino acids other than valine formulated to be at least 110% of their suggested estimates relative to lysine based on ratios derived from the National and Agricultural Research Councils. The control diet was formulated to .75% total valine, and crystalline valine replaced cornstarch to provide additional treatments containing .85, .95, 1.05, and 1.15% total dietary valine. Corresponding valine:lysine ratios were 83, 94, 106, 117, and 128%. Mean litter size after adjustment was 10.3 pigs across treatments, and average lactation length was 26 d. Number of pigs weaned was not affected by dietary valine (mean = 10.2 pigs), nor was daily sow feed (mean = 6.24 kg) or lysine (mean = 56 g) intake. Valine intake increased (linear, P < .001) as dietary valine increased. Litter weight at d 21 and at weaning (d 26) increased (linear, P < .02) with increasing dietary valine (62.4 to 65.5 kg and 76.1 to 79.9 kg, respectively). Litter weight gain increased from d 0 to 7 (linear, P < .06) and from d 0 to 21 and d 0 to weaning (linear, P < .02) as dietary valine increased. Dietary valine had no effect (P > .10) on sow weight change, 10th rib, or last lumbar backfat change from d 0 to 21 or d 0 to weaning or on days from weaning to estrus. These results demonstrate that increasing dietary valine for high-producing sows (21-d litter weights > 60 kg) results in improved litter weight gain. Based on the linear responses observed, the requirement is at least 1.15% of the diet (72 g/d of valine intake) to maximize litter weaning weight and litter weight gain, much greater than recommended currently by the National Research Council (100% of lysine, 36.5 g/d) or the Agricultural Research Council (70% of lysine, 25.5 g/d).

摘要

选用203头（每组40或41头母猪，平均胎次4.3）大白×长白或大白×切斯特白×长白母猪，以确定具有高产奶遗传能力的母猪对缬氨酸的需求量。所有日粮的总赖氨酸含量均配制为0.90%，除缬氨酸外的所有氨基酸，根据美国国家研究委员会和农业研究委员会得出的比例，相对于赖氨酸，其配制含量至少为建议估计值的110%。对照日粮的总缬氨酸含量配制为0.75%，用结晶缬氨酸替代玉米淀粉，以提供总缬氨酸含量分别为0.85%、0.95%、1.05%和1.15%的额外处理组日粮。相应的缬氨酸:赖氨酸比例分别为83%、94%、106%、117%和128%。各处理组经调整后的平均产仔数为10.3头仔猪，平均泌乳期为26天。断奶仔猪数不受日粮缬氨酸的影响（平均为10.2头仔猪），母猪日采食量（平均为6.24千克）或赖氨酸摄入量（平均为56克）也不受影响。随着日粮缬氨酸含量的增加，缬氨酸摄入量呈线性增加（P<0.001）。随着日粮缬氨酸含量增加（分别从62.4千克增加到65.5千克和从76.1千克增加到79.9千克），21日龄和断奶日龄（26日龄）时的窝重呈线性增加（P<0.02）。随着日粮缬氨酸含量增加，从第0天到第7天（线性，P<0.06）以及从第0天到第21天和第0天到断奶时的窝重增加（线性，P<0.02）。日粮缬氨酸对母猪从第0天到第21天或第0天到断奶时的体重变化、第10肋骨处或最后腰椎处背膘变化以及从断奶到发情的天数均无影响（P>0.10）。这些结果表明，提高高产母猪（21日龄窝重>60千克）日粮中的缬氨酸含量可改善窝重增加情况。根据观察到的线性反应，需求量至少为日粮的1.15%（缬氨酸摄入量为72克/天），以最大化断奶窝重和窝重增加，远高于美国国家研究委员会目前推荐的量（赖氨酸的100%，36.5克/天）或农业研究委员会推荐的量（赖氨酸的70%，25.5克/天）。