Winternitz W W, Quillen D
J Clin Pharmacol. 1977 Jul;17(7):389-97. doi: 10.1002/j.1552-4604.1977.tb04621.x.
Preliminary smoking studies using non-smokers were unsatisfactory because the subjects became obviously "ill" with nausea, pallor, sweating, etc. The rise in adrenocorticotropic hormone and growth hormone in these individuals could not be attributed to a cigarette effect as opposed to a nonspecific stress. A small number of female smokers seemed less consistent in their responses than did male subjects. The final study employing male, habitual smokers showed the following results: (1) A sharp rise in circulating cortisol occurred after two cigarettes which was maintained through the 2nd hour and fell slowly after the smoking period. (2) Circulating growth hormones also began to rise after two cigarettes, peaked at 1 hour, and then fell back to control levels while smoking continued. (3) Urinary catecholamines tended to be higher on smoking days than on nonsmoking days, but results were variable and of questionable significance. (4) Luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, testosterone, and thyroid-stimulating hormone did not show any significant variations with smoking as compared to non-smoking.
使用非吸烟者进行的初步吸烟研究并不理想，因为受试者会明显出现恶心、面色苍白、出汗等“不适”症状。这些个体中促肾上腺皮质激素和生长激素的升高不能归因于香烟效应，而应归因于非特异性应激。少数女性吸烟者的反应似乎不如男性受试者一致。最后一项针对男性习惯性吸烟者的研究得出了以下结果：（1）吸两支烟后，循环皮质醇急剧上升，并在第2小时内保持，吸烟期结束后缓慢下降。（2）循环生长激素在吸两支烟后也开始上升，在1小时达到峰值，然后在继续吸烟时回落至对照水平。（3）吸烟日的尿儿茶酚胺往往高于不吸烟日，但结果存在差异，意义存疑。（4）与不吸烟相比，促黄体生成素、促卵泡激素、睾酮和促甲状腺激素在吸烟时未显示出任何显著变化。
