Katz P S, Frost W N
Dept of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical School, Houston, 77030, USA.
Trends Neurosci. 1996 Feb;19(2):54-61. doi: 10.1016/0166-2236(96)89621-4.
There are two sources of neuromodulation for neuronal circuits: extrinsic inputs and intrinsic components of the circuits themselves. Extrinsic neuromodulation is known to be pervasive in nervous systems, but intrinsic neuromodulation is less recognized, despite the fact that it has now been demonstrated in sensory and neuromuscular circuits and in central pattern generators. By its nature, intrinsic neuromodulation produces local changes in neuronal computation, whereas extrinsic neuromodulation can cause global changes, often affecting many circuits simultaneously. Studies in a number of systems are defining the different properties of these two forms of neuromodulation.
外部输入和回路自身的内在组成部分。已知外部神经调节在神经系统中普遍存在，但内在神经调节却较少被认识到，尽管它现已在感觉和神经肌肉回路以及中枢模式发生器中得到证实。就其本质而言，内在神经调节会在神经元计算中产生局部变化，而外部神经调节则会导致全局变化，常常同时影响多个回路。对许多系统的研究正在明确这两种神经调节形式的不同特性。
