Lukas S E, Sholar M, Lundahl L H, Lamas X, Kouri E, Wines J D, Kragie L, Mendelson J H
Clinical Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02178, USA.
Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1996 Jun;125(4):346-54. doi: 10.1007/BF02246017.
Gender differences after acute cocaine administration have received little attention in spite of the fact that males and females respond differently to many drugs. Seven male and seven female occasional cocaine users received both an intranasal dose of cocaine hydrochloride (0.9 mg/kg) and placebo powder in a randomized order and reported subjective effects via an instrumental joystick device and various questionnaires. Blood samples were withdrawn at 5-min intervals to assess pharmacokinetic differences. Male subjects achieved the highest peak plasma cocaine levels (144.4 +/- 17.5 ng/ml), detected cocaine effects significantly faster than females and also experienced a greater number of episodes of intense good and bad effects. Women studied during the follicular phase of their menstrual cycle had peak plasma cocaine levels of 73.2 +/- 9.9 ng/ml, which was significantly higher than when they were studied during their luteal phase (54.7 +/- 8.7 ng/ml), but there were no differences in their subjective reports of cocaine effects. In spite of the different cocaine blood levels and subjective effects, peak heart rate increases did not differ between males and females suggesting that women may be more sensitive than males to the cardiovascular effects of cocaine. These data suggest that there are significant gender and menstrual cycle differences in the response to acute intranasal cocaine administration and these differences may have implications for the differential abuse of this drug.
尽管男性和女性对许多药物的反应不同，但急性可卡因给药后的性别差异却很少受到关注。七名男性和七名女性偶尔使用可卡因的人以随机顺序接受了鼻内剂量的盐酸可卡因（0.9毫克/千克）和安慰剂粉末，并通过操纵杆装置和各种问卷报告主观感受。每隔5分钟采集血样以评估药代动力学差异。男性受试者达到了最高的血浆可卡因峰值水平（144.4±17.5纳克/毫升），检测到可卡因作用的速度明显快于女性，并且经历的强烈的良好和不良作用发作次数也更多。在月经周期卵泡期接受研究的女性血浆可卡因峰值水平为73.2±9.9纳克/毫升，显著高于她们在黄体期接受研究时的水平（54.7±8.7纳克/毫升），但她们对可卡因作用的主观报告没有差异。尽管可卡因血药水平和主观感受不同，但男性和女性的心率峰值增加并无差异，这表明女性可能比男性对可卡因的心血管作用更敏感。这些数据表明，急性鼻内给予可卡因后的反应存在显著的性别和月经周期差异，这些差异可能对该药物的差异性滥用具有影响。
