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1
Safety of tetanus toxoid in pregnant women: a hospital-based case-control study of congenital anomalies.孕妇破伤风类毒素的安全性：一项基于医院的先天性异常病例对照研究。
Bull World Health Organ. 1995;73(5):605-8.
2
The risk of limb deficiencies and other congenital abnormalities in children exposed in utero to calcium channel blockers.子宫内接触钙通道阻滞剂的儿童出现肢体缺陷和其他先天性异常的风险。
Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2001 May;80(5):397-401.
3
[In utero exposure to benzodiazepine. Is there a risk for anal atresia with lorazepam?].[子宫内暴露于苯二氮䓬类药物。使用劳拉西泮会有肛门闭锁风险吗？]
Encephale. 2003 Nov-Dec;29(6):553-9.
4
Prenatal exposure to sex hormones: a case-control study.产前暴露于性激素：一项病例对照研究。
Teratology. 1998 Jan;57(1):8-12. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9926(199801)57:1<8::AID-TERA2>3.0.CO;2-#.
5
Tetanus toxoid and congenital abnormalities.破伤风类毒素与先天性异常
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A study of the potential teratogenic effect of large doses of promethazine used for a suicide attempt by 32 pregnant women.一项关于32名孕妇因自杀企图而使用大剂量异丙嗪的潜在致畸作用的研究。
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A study of the teratogenic and fetotoxic effects of large doses of barbital, hexobarbital and butobarbital used for suicide attempts by pregnant women.一项关于大剂量巴比妥、己巴比妥和丁巴比妥对试图自杀的孕妇的致畸和胚胎毒性作用的研究。
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No association found between use of very large doses of diazepam by 112 pregnant women for a suicide attempt and congenital abnormalities in their offspring.112名孕妇为自杀企图而使用超大剂量地西泮与其后代先天性异常之间未发现关联。
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An evaluation of data for 10 children born to mothers who attempted suicide by taking large doses of alprazolam during pregnancy.对10名母亲在孕期因过量服用阿普唑仑企图自杀所生儿童的数据进行的评估。
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A population-based case-control study of oral chlordiazepoxide use during pregnancy and risk of congenital abnormalities.
Neurotoxicol Teratol. 2004 Jul-Aug;26(4):593-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ntt.2004.03.009.

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Determinants of tetanus immunization among pregnant women where tetanus has not been eliminated: a multilevel analysis of 6 countries.破伤风尚未消除地区孕妇破伤风免疫的决定因素：6个国家的多水平分析
Front Glob Womens Health. 2025 Mar 13;6:1481771. doi: 10.3389/fgwh.2025.1481771. eCollection 2025.
2
Prenatal Maternal Immunization for Infant Protection: A Review of the Vaccines Recommended, Infant Immunity and Future Research Directions.为保护婴儿进行的产前母体免疫：推荐疫苗、婴儿免疫及未来研究方向综述
Pathogens. 2024 Feb 23;13(3):200. doi: 10.3390/pathogens13030200.
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Global Perspectives on Immunization During Pregnancy and Priorities for Future Research and Development: An International Consensus Statement.全球视角下的妊娠期免疫接种：未来研究与开发的优先事项：国际共识声明。
Front Immunol. 2020 Jun 24;11:1282. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01282. eCollection 2020.
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Prevalence and predictors of taking tetanus toxoid vaccine in pregnancy: a cross-sectional study of 8,722 women in Sierra Leone.妊娠破伤风类毒素疫苗接种的流行情况和预测因素：塞拉利昂 8722 名妇女的横断面研究。
BMC Public Health. 2020 Jun 5;20(1):855. doi: 10.1186/s12889-020-08985-y.
5
Congenital microcephaly: Case definition & guidelines for data collection, analysis, and presentation of safety data after maternal immunisation.先天性小头畸形：病例定义及孕产妇免疫后安全性数据的收集、分析和呈现指南。
Vaccine. 2017 Dec 4;35(48 Pt A):6472-6482. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.01.044.
6
Immunization During Pregnancy: Impact on the Infant.孕期免疫接种：对婴儿的影响。
Paediatr Drugs. 2017 Aug;19(4):313-324. doi: 10.1007/s40272-017-0231-7.
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Congenital anomalies: Case definition and guidelines for data collection, analysis, and presentation of immunization safety data.先天性异常：免疫接种安全性数据的病例定义及数据收集、分析和呈现指南。
Vaccine. 2016 Dec 1;34(49):6015-6026. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.03.047. Epub 2016 Jul 18.
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Vaccination during pregnancy: Today's need in India.孕期接种疫苗：印度当下的需求
Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2016 Mar 3;12(3):668-70. doi: 10.1080/21645515.2015.1093265.
9
A systematic review of adverse events following immunization during pregnancy and the newborn period.孕期及新生儿期免疫接种后不良事件的系统评价。
Vaccine. 2015 Nov 25;33(47):6453-65. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.08.043. Epub 2015 Sep 26.
10
Vaccines for women for preventing neonatal tetanus.用于预防新生儿破伤风的女性疫苗。
Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Jul 6;2015(7):CD002959. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD002959.pub4.

本文引用的文献

1
Neonatal tetanus in New Guinea. Effect of active immunization in pregnancy.新几内亚的新生儿破伤风。孕期主动免疫的效果。
Br Med J. 1961 Sep 23;2(5255):785-9. doi: 10.1136/bmj.2.5255.785.
2
The use of toxoid for the prevention of tetanus neonatorum. Final report of a double-blind controlled field trial.破伤风类毒素用于预防新生儿破伤风。双盲对照现场试验的最终报告。
Bull World Health Organ. 1966;35(6):863-71.
3
Prevalence rates of microtia in South America.南美洲小耳畸形的患病率。
Int J Epidemiol. 1986 Sep;15(3):364-8. doi: 10.1093/ije/15.3.364.
4
[Socioeconomic level as an error-generating variable in studies of ethnicity].[社会经济水平作为种族研究中的一个误差产生变量]
Rev Saude Publica. 1978 Jun;12(2):122-8.

孕妇破伤风类毒素的安全性：一项基于医院的先天性异常病例对照研究。

Safety of tetanus toxoid in pregnant women: a hospital-based case-control study of congenital anomalies.

作者信息

Silveira C M, Cáceres V M, Dutra M G, Lopes-Camelo J, Castilla E E

机构信息

Expanded Program on Immunization, Pan American Health Organization, Washington, DC 20037, USA.

出版信息

Bull World Health Organ. 1995;73(5):605-8.

PMID:8846486
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2486812/
Abstract

Reported are the results of the Latin American Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations (ECLAMC), a hospital-based case-control study of 34,293 malformed and 34,477 matched nonmalformed newborn controls. No statistical differences were found between the malformed and control groups, exposed or not exposed to tetanus toxoid.

摘要

报告了拉丁美洲先天性畸形协作研究（ECLAMC）的结果，这是一项基于医院的病例对照研究，研究对象为34293名畸形新生儿和34477名匹配的非畸形新生儿对照。在暴露或未暴露于破伤风类毒素的畸形组和对照组之间未发现统计学差异。