Byrd G D, Robinson J H, Caldwell W S, deBethizy J D
Research and Development, R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company, Winston-Salem, NC 27102, USA.
Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1995 Nov;122(2):95-103. doi: 10.1007/BF02246082.
Cigarette smokers have a wide variety of "tar" and nicotine yields to choose from in the current market, ranging from 0.5 mg "tar" and less than 0.05 mg nicotine to 27 mg "tar" and 1.8 mg nicotine by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) method. To understand better the relationship between FTC nicotine yields and actual nicotine uptake in smokers, we have studied nicotine uptake in 33 smokers of self-selected products representing four "tar" groupings: 1 mg "tar" (1MG), ultra-low "tar" (ULT), full-flavor low "tar" (FFLT), and full flavor (FF) cigarettes. These cigarette categories had mean FTC nicotine yields of 0.14, 0.49, 0.67, and 1.13 mg/cigarette, respectively. The subjects smoked their usual brand of cigarette ad libitum and provided a 24-h urine sample for total nicotine uptake analysis over a period during which the number of cigarettes smoked was recorded. Nicotine uptake was determined by monitoring urinary nicotine and its metabolites, including the glucuronide conjugates. Daily nicotine uptake was 9.1 +/- 7.3 mg (range 1-21 mg) for 1MG, 19.2 +/- 10.0 mg (range 4-42 mg) for ULT, 21.8 +/- 9.4 mg (range 13-38 mg) for FFLT, and 37.1 +/- 14.4 mg (range 21-60 mg) for FF smokers. On a per cigarette basis, yields were 0.23 +/- 0.11, 0.56 +/- 0.23, 0.60 +/- 0.18, and 1.19 +/- 0.43 mg nicotine, respectively. Although individual variability was fairly large (CVs of 0.39-0.80), means for the different groups showed that lower FTC yield smokers not only absorb less nicotine per 24-h period, but also per cigarette smoked. These data suggest that nicotine uptake is a function of individual smoking behavior within product design limits. We conclude from these data that, while FTC yield cannot precisely predict nicotine uptake for an individual smoker, it is useful in predicting and comparing actual nicotine uptake by smokers who select cigarettes with a particular FTC yield.
在当前市场上，吸烟者有多种“焦油”和尼古丁含量可供选择，按照联邦贸易委员会（FTC）的方法，“焦油”含量从0.5毫克及尼古丁含量低于0.05毫克到“焦油”含量27毫克及尼古丁含量1.8毫克不等。为了更好地理解FTC尼古丁含量与吸烟者实际尼古丁摄入量之间的关系，我们研究了33名吸烟者的尼古丁摄入量，这些吸烟者自选了代表四个“焦油”类别的产品：1毫克“焦油”（1MG）、超低“焦油”（ULT）、全味低“焦油”（FFLT）和全味（FF）香烟。这些香烟类别FTC尼古丁平均含量分别为每支香烟0.14、0.49、0.67和1.13毫克。受试者随意吸食他们常用品牌的香烟，并提供一份24小时尿液样本，用于在记录吸烟数量的时间段内分析总尼古丁摄入量。通过监测尿液中的尼古丁及其代谢物（包括葡萄糖醛酸结合物）来测定尼古丁摄入量。1MG吸烟者的每日尼古丁摄入量为9.1±7.3毫克（范围1 - 21毫克），ULT吸烟者为19.2±10.0毫克（范围4 - 42毫克），FFLT吸烟者为21.8±9.4毫克（范围13 - 38毫克），FF吸烟者为37.1±14.4毫克（范围21 - 60毫克）。以每支香烟计算，尼古丁含量分别为0.23±0.11、0.56±0.23、0.60±0.18和1.19±0.43毫克。尽管个体差异相当大（变异系数为0.39 - 0.80），但不同组别的平均值表明，FTC含量较低的吸烟者不仅每24小时吸收的尼古丁较少，而且每吸一支烟吸收的尼古丁也较少。这些数据表明，在产品设计范围内，尼古丁摄入量是个体吸烟行为的一个函数。从这些数据我们得出结论，虽然FTC含量不能精确预测个体吸烟者的尼古丁摄入量，但它对于预测和比较选择具有特定FTC含量香烟的吸烟者的实际尼古丁摄入量是有用的。
