Berk S L, Kalbfleisch J H
Department of Internal Medicine, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City 37614, USA.
J Antimicrob Chemother. 1996 Jul;38 Suppl A:85-96. doi: 10.1093/jac/38.suppl_a.85.
Eight hundred and eighteen Moraxella catarrhalis strains, isolated in 1992 and 1993 at 15 centres in Western Europe and the USA were tested for beta-lactamase production and resistance to 15 antibiotics. The proportion of beta-lactamase producing strains in Europe rose significantly from 70% in 1992 to 82% in 1993, whilst in the USA the increase (85-92%) was not significant. Penicillin and amoxycillin resistance was more prevalent in the USA than in Europe. All penicillin-resistant strains isolated in the USA exhibited beta-lactamase activity, whilst 8% of beta-lactamase-negative strains isolated in Europe were also penicillin resistant. All but three isolates were sensitive to cefaclor, cefuroxime, cefixime and ceftriaxone, all but one were sensitive to ofloxacin and all were sensitive to ciprofloxacin and amoxycillin cluvulanate. Resistance to erythromycin was not encountered, although 19 strains had MICs > or = 0.5 mg/L. Of these, 15 came from European centres. Almost all strains were highly susceptible to clarithromycin, azithromycin, doxycycline and co-trimoxazole.
1992年和1993年从西欧和美国15个中心分离出的818株卡他莫拉菌，检测了β-内酰胺酶产生情况及对15种抗生素的耐药性。欧洲产β-内酰胺酶菌株的比例从1992年的70%显著上升至1993年的82%，而在美国，这一比例的增加（从85%至92%）并不显著。青霉素和阿莫西林耐药性在美国比在欧洲更普遍。在美国分离出的所有耐青霉素菌株均表现出β-内酰胺酶活性，而在欧洲分离出的β-内酰胺酶阴性菌株中有8%也对青霉素耐药。除3株外，所有菌株对头孢克洛、头孢呋辛、头孢克肟和头孢曲松敏感，除1株外，所有菌株对氧氟沙星敏感，所有菌株对环丙沙星和阿莫西林克拉维酸敏感。未发现对红霉素耐药的菌株，尽管有19株的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）≥0.5mg/L。其中15株来自欧洲中心。几乎所有菌株对克拉霉素、阿奇霉素、强力霉素和复方新诺明高度敏感。
