Neve R J, Drop M J, Lemmens P H, Swinkels H
Department of Medical Sociology, University of Limburg, Maastricht, Netherlands.
Addiction. 1996 Mar;91(3):357-73.
Gender differences in drinking behavior are analysed with emphasis on their relationship with changes in roles and positions of men and women in society. The 'convergence hypothesis' is used as a starting point. From its implications, a number of specific hypotheses are derived and tested using data from six surveys of the general population of the Netherlands, held between 1958 and 1993. No convergence of gender differences is found for abstinence and heavy frequent drinking. Convergence of male-female differences in average weekly consumption appeared in the 1980s, but it is no longer significant at 5% level after controlling for age, education and family situation. Further elaboration of the gender by year interaction shows that convergence is related to a decrease in consumption among higher educated men. Contrary to expectation, an increase in consumption has occurred among women over 40 years of age. No relationship appears with female employment and religion. Having a family is related to lower consumption among women, while it has no significant effect on men's consumption. Although some evidence for convergence was found, results are not in agreement with expectations formulated from the perspective of the convergence hypothesis.
对饮酒行为中的性别差异进行了分析，重点关注其与社会中男性和女性角色及地位变化的关系。“趋同假说”被用作出发点。从其含义出发，推导出一些具体假说，并使用1958年至1993年间对荷兰普通人群进行的六项调查数据进行检验。在戒酒和频繁大量饮酒方面未发现性别差异的趋同现象。男女平均每周饮酒量差异的趋同出现在20世纪80年代，但在控制年龄、教育程度和家庭状况后，在5%的水平上不再显著。按年份对性别交互作用的进一步阐述表明，趋同与高学历男性饮酒量的减少有关。与预期相反，40岁以上女性的饮酒量有所增加。与女性就业和宗教没有关系。有家庭与女性饮酒量较低有关，而对男性饮酒量没有显著影响。尽管发现了一些趋同的证据，但结果与从趋同假说角度提出的预期不一致。
