Ernsberger U, Rohrer H
Max-Planck-Institut für Hirnforschung, Frankfurt, Germany.
Neurochem Res. 1996 Jul;21(7):823-9. doi: 10.1007/BF02532306.
Here we review recent data on molecular aspects of the differentiation of the noradrenergic neurotransmitter phenotype in postganglionic sympathetic neurons during avian and mammalian embryogenesis. By experimental manipulation of the chick embryo, it has been shown that neural tube and notochord are important for noradrenergic differentiation which occurs when migrating neural crest cells, the precursors of sympathetic ganglion cells, reach the dorsal aorta. Bone morphogenetic proteins expressed in the dorsal aorta before and during the time of noradrenergic differentiation are likely candidates for growth factors involved in induction of noradrenergic differentiation, in vivo. To analyze noradrenergic differentiation, enzymes of the noradrenaline bio-synthesis pathway and catecholamine stores have been used as differentiation markers. The molecules involved in neurotransmitter release which are as important for a functional noradrenergic neuron as those required for transmitter synthesis and storage are only recently being studied in this context. For a comprehensive view of the embryonic development of the noradrenergic neurotransmitter phenotype, it will be necessary to understand how the systems for synthesis, storage and release of noradrenaline are assembled during neuronal differentiation.
在此，我们回顾了有关鸟类和哺乳动物胚胎发育过程中节后交感神经元去甲肾上腺素能神经递质表型分化分子方面的最新数据。通过对鸡胚进行实验操作，已表明神经管和脊索对于去甲肾上腺素能分化很重要，而去甲肾上腺素能分化发生在交感神经节细胞的前体——迁移的神经嵴细胞到达背主动脉时。在去甲肾上腺素能分化之前及分化期间，背主动脉中表达的骨形态发生蛋白可能是体内参与诱导去甲肾上腺素能分化的生长因子的候选物质。为了分析去甲肾上腺素能分化，去甲肾上腺素生物合成途径的酶和儿茶酚胺储存已被用作分化标志物。参与神经递质释放的分子，对于功能性去甲肾上腺素能神经元而言，与递质合成和储存所需的分子同样重要，而目前才开始在这一背景下进行研究。为了全面了解去甲肾上腺素能神经递质表型的胚胎发育，有必要了解在神经元分化过程中去甲肾上腺素的合成、储存和释放系统是如何组装的。
