Fergusson D M, Lynskey M T, Horwood L J
Department of Psychological Medicine, Christchurch School of Medicine, New Zealand.
J Abnorm Child Psychol. 1996 Aug;24(4):499-512. doi: 10.1007/BF01441571.
The associations between early onset (prior to 15 years of age) cannabis use and rates of mental health or adjustment problems during the period from 15 to 16 years of age were studied in a New Zealand birth cohort. Early onset cannabis users were at increased risks of later substance use behaviors, conduct/oppositional disorders, juvenile offending, severe truancy, school dropout, anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation. Early cannabis users had odds of these outcomes ranging from 2.7 to 30.8 times higher than the odds for those who did not use cannabis prior to age 15. Most of the elevated risks of early onset users were explained by the fact that they were a high-risk groups of adolescents characterized by family disadvantages, early adjustment problems, and high affiliations with substance-using or delinquent peers. Nonetheless, even after adjustment for a wide range of confounding factors, early onset users had increased risks of later cannabis use. It is concluded that while most of the elevated risks of early onset users were explained by social, family, and individual characteristics of this group, early onset users were at increased risks of later cannabis use.
在新西兰一个出生队列中，研究了15岁之前开始使用大麻与15至16岁期间心理健康或适应问题发生率之间的关联。早期开始使用大麻的人在日后出现物质使用行为、品行/对立违抗障碍、青少年犯罪、严重逃学、辍学、焦虑、抑郁和自杀意念的风险增加。早期使用大麻的人出现这些结果的几率比15岁之前未使用大麻的人高出2.7至30.8倍。早期开始使用大麻者的大多数风险升高是因为他们是一类高危青少年群体，其特点是家庭不利、早期适应问题以及与使用物质或违法犯罪的同龄人联系密切。尽管如此，即使在对一系列混杂因素进行调整之后，早期开始使用大麻者日后使用大麻的风险仍会增加。研究得出结论，虽然早期开始使用大麻者的大多数风险升高可以用该群体的社会、家庭和个人特征来解释，但早期开始使用大麻者日后使用大麻的风险仍会增加。
