Costantini C, Gibson G, Sagnon N, Della Torre A, Brady J, Coluzzi M
Department of Biology, Imperial College, University of London, U.K.
Med Vet Entomol. 1996 Jul;10(3):220-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2915.1996.tb00734.x.
Mosquito responses to carbon dioxide were investigated in Noungou village, 30 km northeast of Ouagadougou in the Sudan savanna belt of Burkina Faso, West Africa. Species of primary interest were the main malaria vectors Anopheles gambiae s.s. and An.arabiensis, sibling species belonging to the An.gambiae complex. Data for An.funestus, An.pharoensis, Culex quinquefasciatus and Mansonia uniformis were also analysed. Carbon dioxide was used at concentrations of 0.04-0.6% (cf. 0.03% ambient concentration) for attracting mosquitoes to odour-baited entry traps (OBETs). The "attractiveness' of whole human odour was also compared with CO2 emitted at a rate equivalent to that released by the human bait. In a direct choice test with two OBETs placed side-by-side, the number of An.gambiae s.l. entering the trap with human odour was double the number trapped with CO2 alone (at the human equivalent rate), but there was no significant difference between OBETs for the other species of mosquitoes. When OBETs were positioned 20 m apart, again CO2 alone attracted half as many An.gambiae s.l. and only 40% An.funestus, 65% Ma.uniformis but twice as many An.pharoensis compared to the number trapped with human odour. The dose-response for all mosquito species was essentially similar: a linear increase in catch with increasing dose on a log-log scale. The slopes of the dose-response curves were not significantly different between species, although there were significant differences in the relative numbers caught. If the dose-response data are considered in relation to a standard human bait collection (HBC), however, the behaviour of each species was quite different. At one extreme, even the highest dose of CO2 did not catch more An.gambiae s.l. than one HBC. At the other extreme, the three highest doses of CO2 caught significantly more Ma.uniformis than did one HBC. An.pharoensis and Cx quinquefasciatus showed a threshold response to CO2, responding only at doses above that normally released by one man. An.funestus did not respond to CO2 alone at any dose in sufficient numbers to assess the dose response. Within the An.gambiae complex, An.arabiensis "chose' the CO2-baited trap with a higher probability than An.gambiae s.s. Also An.arabiensis, the less anthropophilic of the two species, was more abundant in CO2-baited OBETs than in human bait collections.
在布基纳法索（西非）苏丹稀树草原带瓦加杜古东北30公里处的努恩古村，对蚊子对二氧化碳的反应进行了调查。主要关注的物种是主要的疟疾传播媒介冈比亚按蚊指名亚种和阿拉伯按蚊，它们是冈比亚按蚊复合体的姐妹物种。还分析了嗜人按蚊、法老按蚊、致倦库蚊和纯色曼蚊的数据。使用浓度为0.04 - 0.6%的二氧化碳（对比环境浓度0.03%）将蚊子吸引到气味诱饵进入诱捕器（OBETs）中。还将全人类气味的“吸引力”与以相当于人类诱饵释放速率排放的二氧化碳进行了比较。在将两个OBETs并排放置的直接选择试验中，进入带有人类气味诱捕器的冈比亚按蚊复合种群数量是仅用二氧化碳诱捕（以相当于人类的速率）数量的两倍，但对于其他蚊子物种，OBETs之间没有显著差异。当OBETs相距20米放置时，与带有人类气味诱捕到的数量相比，仅二氧化碳吸引的冈比亚按蚊复合种群数量减半，吸引的嗜人按蚊仅为40%，纯色曼蚊为65%，但吸引的法老按蚊数量是其两倍。所有蚊子物种的剂量反应基本相似：在对数 - 对数尺度上，捕获量随剂量增加呈线性增加。尽管捕获的相对数量存在显著差异，但各物种剂量反应曲线的斜率没有显著差异。然而，如果将剂量反应数据与标准人类诱饵采集（HBC）相关联来考虑，每个物种的行为则大不相同。在一个极端情况下，即使是最高剂量的二氧化碳捕获的冈比亚按蚊复合种群数量也不比一次HBC多。在另一个极端情况下，二氧化碳的三个最高剂量捕获的纯色曼蚊数量明显多于一次HBC。法老按蚊和致倦库蚊对二氧化碳表现出阈值反应，仅在高于一个人正常释放剂量时才做出反应。嗜人按蚊在任何剂量下单独对二氧化碳的反应数量都不足以评估剂量反应。在冈比亚按蚊复合体中，阿拉伯按蚊“选择”二氧化碳诱饵诱捕器的概率高于冈比亚按蚊指名亚种。而且，在这两个物种中对人类偏好性较低的阿拉伯按蚊，在二氧化碳诱饵OBETs中的数量比在人类诱饵采集中的数量更多。
