Duchemin J B, Tsy J M, Rabarison P, Roux J, Coluzzi M, Costantini C
Institut Pasteur, Antananarivo, Madagascar.
Med Vet Entomol. 2001 Mar;15(1):50-7. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2915.2001.00276.x.
In Madagascar we used odour-baited entry traps (OBETs) for host choice tests of wild female anopheline mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) at representative localities on the East and West sides of the island (villages Fenoarivo and Tsararano, respectively) and at the southern margin of the central plateau (Zazafotsy village, 800 m altitude). No insecticide house-spraying operations have been undertaken at these villages. Odours from a man and a calf of similar mass, concealed in different tents, were drawn by fans into separate OBETs set side by side. Traps were alternated to compensate for position effects, and different pairs of individual baits were employed for successive replicates. Totals of 266 An. funestus Giles sensu stricto and 362 An. gambiae Giles sensu lato were collected in 48 trap nights during March-June 1999. For each mosquito species the 'index of anthropophily' was defined as the proportion of females caught in the human-baited trap. For An. funestus this index was found to be consistently greater than 0.5 (value for random choice between traps/hosts), indicating that this species 'preferred' human to calf odour (index=0.83). Conversely, the index of anthropophily for An. gambiae s.l. indicated they 'chose' calf in preference to human odour (index=0.26). No significant differences of relative preference for calf or man were detected between villages; geographical variance accounted for <8% of the total experimental variance. Molecular identifications of 181 specimens of the An. gambiae complex (approximately 50% of the samples) revealed only An. arabiensis Patton at Tsararano and Zazafotsy, but >97% An. gambiae Giles sensu stricto at Fenoarivo, in accordance with prior knowledge of the differential distributions of these sibling species on the island. Predominant zoophily (i.e. intrinsic 'preference' for cattle odours) by both An. arabiensis and An. gambiae s.s. in Madagascar contrasts with their greater anthropophily in continental Africa.
在马达加斯加，我们使用气味诱饵诱捕器（OBETs）在该岛东西两侧具有代表性的地点（分别为费努阿里武村和察拉拉诺村）以及中央高原南缘（海拔800米的扎扎福齐村）对野生雌性按蚊（双翅目：蚊科）进行宿主选择测试。这些村庄均未开展过室内杀虫剂喷洒作业。来自体重相近的一名男子和一头小牛的气味被隐藏在不同帐篷中，通过风扇被吸入并排放置的单独OBETs中。诱捕器交替设置以补偿位置效应，并且连续重复实验时使用不同的个体诱饵对。1999年3月至6月期间，在48个诱捕夜共捕获266只严格意义上的冈比亚按蚊（吉尔斯按蚊）和362只广义的冈比亚按蚊（吉尔斯按蚊）。对于每种蚊虫，“嗜人指数”定义为在人诱饵诱捕器中捕获的雌性比例。对于冈比亚按蚊，该指数始终大于0.5（在诱捕器/宿主之间随机选择的值），表明该物种“偏好”人类气味而非小牛气味（指数=0.83）。相反，广义的冈比亚按蚊的嗜人指数表明它们“选择”小牛气味而非人类气味（指数=0.26）。在不同村庄之间，对小牛或人类的相对偏好未检测到显著差异；地理差异占总实验差异的比例不到8%。对181份广义的冈比亚按蚊复合体标本（约占样本的50%）进行分子鉴定，结果显示在察拉拉诺村和扎扎福齐村仅发现阿拉伯按蚊（帕顿按蚊），但在费努阿里武村，超过97%为严格意义上的冈比亚按蚊（吉尔斯按蚊），这与之前关于这些姐妹物种在该岛不同分布的知识相符。马达加斯加的阿拉伯按蚊和严格意义上的冈比亚按蚊主要表现为嗜动物性（即对牛气味的内在“偏好”），这与它们在非洲大陆更高的嗜人性形成对比。
