Neenan M E
University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Dental School 78284-7906, USA.
Community Dent Health. 1996 Sep;13 Suppl 2:10-20.
The purpose of this paper is two-fold: (1) to describe the current extent of water fluoridation in the United States; (2) to address the major obstacles to attaining 75 per cent fluoridation by the year 2000. While 62.1 per cent of the US population has access to fluoridated public water systems, more than 32 million people need to be added to the fluoridation census, primarily from the cities. The legal framework for implementing fluoridation is considered at the state level; a review of fluoridation actions at the local level is presented. The impact of forces affecting the extension of fluoridation in the United States is described: (1) demographic trends--urbanisation, race, ethnicity, language, immigration, age, education levels, housing, income and poverty levels; (2) external environmental forces/political climate; (3) media influence on public opinion and public policy; (4) voter apathy/lack of awareness of the benefits of fluoridation; (5) perceptions of risks vs. benefits; (6) lack of political campaign skills; and (7) legal issues.
（1）描述美国目前水氟化的普及程度；（2）探讨到2000年实现75%氟化率的主要障碍。虽然62.1%的美国人口能够使用氟化公共供水系统，但氟化普查中还需要增加超过3200万人，主要来自城市。在州一级考虑实施氟化的法律框架；介绍了地方一级氟化行动的审查情况。描述了影响美国氟化推广的各种力量的影响：（1）人口趋势——城市化、种族、民族、语言、移民、年龄、教育水平、住房、收入和贫困水平；（2）外部环境力量/政治气候；（3）媒体对公众舆论和公共政策的影响；（4）选民冷漠/对氟化益处缺乏认识；（5）对风险与益处的认知；（6）缺乏政治竞选技巧；以及（7）法律问题。
