Smith K R, Zick C D
Department of Family and Consumer Studies, University of Utah, Salt Lake City 84112, USA.
Soc Biol. 1996 Spring-Summer;43(1-2):59-71. doi: 10.1080/19485565.1996.9988913.
This study examines how spouses' deaths from sudden or lengthy illnesses differentially affect the mortality risks of surviving widows and widowers by age. Using the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, we find the mortality risk differs by gender, age, and type of widowhood. For nonelderly (< 65) widowers, there is an elevated risk when their wives died suddenly. For older (> or = 65) widows, the mortality risk is lower than that of comparably aged married women when their husbands died after a long-term illness. These gender, age, and mode-of-death differences are consistent with role theory and theories of social support.
本研究考察了配偶因突发疾病或长期疾病死亡如何按年龄差异影响幸存寡妇和鳏夫的死亡风险。利用收入动态面板研究，我们发现死亡风险因性别、年龄和丧偶类型而异。对于非老年（<65岁）鳏夫而言，其妻子突然去世时，他们的死亡风险会升高。对于老年（≥65岁）寡妇来说，当她们的丈夫长期患病后去世时，其死亡风险低于同龄已婚女性。这些性别、年龄和死亡方式的差异与角色理论和社会支持理论相一致。
