Sosin D M, Sacks J J, Webb K W
National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341-3724, USA.
Pediatrics. 1996 Nov;98(5):868-70.
To estimate the potential benefit of increasing bicycle helmet use among children and adolescents in the United States.
All bicycle-related deaths (Multiple Cause-of-Death Public Use Data Tapes, 1989 through 1992) and bicycle-related injuries treated in sampled emergency departments (National Electronic Injury Surveillance System, 1989 through 1993) were used to calculate traumatic brain injury-associated death and head injury rates per 1,000,000 US residents. Preventable injuries and deaths were estimated by calculating the population-attributable risk of head injury due to nonuse of bicycle helmets.
US residents aged 0 through 19 years who were injured or who died as a result of a bicycle crash.
An average of 247 traumatic brain injury deaths and 140,000 head injuries among children and adolescents younger than 20 years were related to bicycle crashes each year in the United States. As many as 184 deaths and 116,000 head injuries might have been prevented annually if these riders had worn helmets. An additional 19,000 mouth and chin injuries were treated each year. The youngest age groups had the highest proportions of both head and mouth injuries.
There continues to be a need to advocate for greater use of bicycle helmets, particularly among young children. Helmet design changes should be considered to prevent mouth injuries.
评估在美国增加儿童和青少年自行车头盔使用量的潜在益处。
利用所有与自行车相关的死亡案例（1989年至1992年多死因公共使用数据磁带）以及在抽样急诊科治疗的与自行车相关的损伤案例（1989年至1993年国家电子伤害监测系统）来计算每100万美国居民中与创伤性脑损伤相关的死亡率和头部受伤率。通过计算因未使用自行车头盔导致头部受伤的人群归因风险来估计可预防的损伤和死亡。
0至19岁因自行车事故受伤或死亡的美国居民。
在美国，每年平均有247例20岁以下儿童和青少年因自行车事故导致创伤性脑损伤死亡，140,000例头部受伤。如果这些骑车人佩戴头盔，每年可能多达184例死亡和116,000例头部受伤可得到预防。每年还会治疗另外19,000例口腔和下巴损伤。最年幼的年龄组头部和口腔受伤的比例最高。
仍有必要倡导更多地使用自行车头盔，尤其是在幼儿中。应考虑改变头盔设计以预防口腔损伤。
