Cowgill L D, Langston C E
Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, USA.
Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 1996 Nov;26(6):1347-78. doi: 10.1016/s0195-5616(96)50132-4.
Hemodialysis is a technically sophisticated therapy used to remove accumulated uremia toxins and correct the electrolyte, hydrogen ion, and fluid imbalances associated with renal failure. Hemodialysis is indicated when the morbidity or potential mortality from either acute or chronic renal failure cannot be alleviated by conventional therapies. Additionally, it is useful for the rapid removal of excessive fluid loads associated with congestive heart failure or iatrogenic fluid administration and the elimination of dialyzable poisons like ethylene glycol. The requirements for hemodialysis include repeated access to the vasculature, an artificial kidney, and a dialysis delivery system. Technologic advancements in all these requirements make the delivery of hemodialysis feasible, effective, and safe for both dogs and cats. To date, the limitation of facilities offering dialytic therapy has restricted its use in uremic animals but current improvements in dialysis techniques and the increased sophistication of specialty practice make hemodialysis a realistic adjunct to the conservative management of uremia in veterinary medicine.
血液透析是一种技术复杂的治疗方法，用于清除积聚的尿毒症毒素，并纠正与肾衰竭相关的电解质、氢离子和液体失衡。当常规疗法无法缓解急性或慢性肾衰竭的发病率或潜在死亡率时，就需要进行血液透析。此外，它对于快速清除与充血性心力衰竭或医源性液体输注相关的过多液体负荷，以及消除可透析的毒物（如乙二醇）很有用。血液透析的要求包括反复接入血管系统、一台人工肾和一个透析输送系统。所有这些要求方面的技术进步使得对犬猫进行血液透析可行、有效且安全。迄今为止，提供透析治疗的设施有限，限制了其在尿毒症动物中的应用，但目前透析技术的改进以及专科诊疗的日益成熟，使血液透析成为兽医学中尿毒症保守治疗的一种切实可行的辅助手段。
