Liccardi G, D'Amato M, D'Amato G
Department of Chest Diseases, Hospital A. Cardarelli, Naples, Italy.
Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 1996 Nov;111(3):210-7. doi: 10.1159/000237370.
In the Oleaceae family, the most allergenic pollen is produced by Olea europaea, the olive tree, which in the Mediterranean area has been recognized as one of the most important cause of seasonal respiratory allergy. The olive pollination season lasts from May to the end of June and sometimes causes severe symptoms (oculorhinitis and/or bronchial asthma). Olive pollinosis is quite rare in the form of monosensitization. Although adults are affected the most, olive sensitization can be recognized in children, too. However, it is not easy to be sure about the clinical relevance of allergic sensitization to olive, even in patients with positivity to this pollen, as results from allergological tests in vivo and/or in vitro, because positivity to Olea pollen is not equivalent to clinical responsibility, above all in patients without seasonal respiratory symptomatology. Studies on the allergenic content of O. europaea pollen are currently in progress. In Northern and Central Europe, where there are no olive trees, there are two commonly occurring genera of the Oleaceae family, namely Fraxinus and Ligustrum, but these have a low frequency of allergic sensitization. A fourth anemophilous member of the Oleaceae, Phillyrea, has a more regional distribution in some parts of the Mediterranean. Other nonanemophilous and usually not allergenic Oleaceae genera are Forsythia, Jasminum and Syringa.
在木犀科中，最具致敏性的花粉由油橄榄树（Olea europaea）产生，在地中海地区，油橄榄树已被认为是季节性呼吸道过敏的最重要病因之一。油橄榄授粉季节从5月持续到6月底，有时会引发严重症状（眼鼻炎和/或支气管哮喘）。油橄榄花粉症以单一致敏形式较为罕见。虽然成年人受影响最大，但儿童也可能出现油橄榄致敏。然而，即使是对这种花粉呈阳性反应的患者，要确定对油橄榄过敏致敏的临床相关性也并非易事，因为体内和/或体外变应原学检测结果显示，对油橄榄花粉呈阳性并不等同于具有临床责任，尤其是在没有季节性呼吸道症状的患者中。目前正在对油橄榄花粉的致敏成分进行研究。在北欧和中欧，那里没有油橄榄树，木犀科有两个常见属，即白蜡树属（Fraxinus）和女贞属（Ligustrum），但这些属的过敏致敏频率较低。木犀科的第四个风媒成员，流苏树属（Phillyrea），在地中海部分地区分布更具区域性。其他非风媒且通常无致敏性的木犀科属包括连翘属（Forsythia）、茉莉属（Jasminum）和丁香属（Syringa）。
