Wiesbeck G A, Schuckit M A, Kalmijn J A, Tipp J E, Bucholz K K, Smith T L
Department of Psychiatry, University of San Diego, USA.
Addiction. 1996 Oct;91(10):1469-78.
Case reports and laboratory research indicate the existence of a cannabis withdrawal syndrome. However, the data tell us little about the prevalence and clinical characteristics of a marijuana withdrawal syndrome in people who have used the drug but who did not enter treatment for cannabis dependence. Face-to-face semi-structured interviews applying standard diagnostic criteria were used in the present study to gather data from 5611 men and women, recruited between 1991 and 1995 through the Collaborative Study of the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA). Almost 41% of the sample had no history of marijuana use (Group 1), 28% had consumed this drug less than 21 times in any single year (Group 2), and 31% used it at least that frequently (Groups 3 and 4). Almost 16% of the more frequent marijuana users related a history of a marijuana withdrawal syndrome, and these Group 4 subjects had used the drug almost daily for an average of almost 70 months. The typical withdrawal symptoms included "nervous, tense, restlessness", "sleep disturbance" and "appetite change". While Group 4 subjects were more likely to have developed dependence on most types of drugs, even when alcohol and drug use patterns were statistically taken into account, marijuana use was still significantly related to a self-report of a history of marijuana withdrawal.
病例报告和实验室研究表明存在大麻戒断综合征。然而，这些数据几乎没有告诉我们在使用过大麻但未因大麻依赖而接受治疗的人群中，大麻戒断综合征的患病率和临床特征。本研究采用面对面半结构化访谈并应用标准诊断标准，从1991年至1995年通过酒精中毒遗传学合作研究（COGA）招募的5611名男性和女性中收集数据。近41%的样本没有使用过大麻的历史（第1组），28%的人在任何一年中使用该药物少于21次（第2组），31%的人使用频率至少如此（第3组和第4组）。近16%使用大麻更频繁的人讲述了有大麻戒断综合征的病史，这些第4组受试者几乎每天使用该药物，平均使用了近70个月。典型的戒断症状包括“紧张、焦虑、坐立不安”、“睡眠障碍”和“食欲改变”。虽然第4组受试者更有可能对大多数类型的药物产生依赖，但即使在统计学上考虑了酒精和药物使用模式后，大麻使用仍然与大麻戒断病史的自我报告显著相关。
