van Gijn J
University Department of Neurology, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
J Neurol. 1996 Oct;243(10):675-83. doi: 10.1007/BF00873972.
The year 1996 marks the centenary of Babinski's description of the toe responses (normal and pathological) after stimulation of the sole of the foot. The upgoing toe response is normal in the 1st year of life and forms part of the flexion synergy of the leg, which had been known before 1896. Babinski also recognized the relation between the toe phenomenon (phénomène des orteils) in older children and adults and dysfunction of the pyramidal system. Neurologists became so fascinated by toe responses alone that many competing signs were proposed; most of these consisted of stimuli at other parts of the leg and were actually part of the same-but temporarily forgotten-flexion synergy. From 1910 to 1915 Marie and Foix and also Walshe re-emphasized this relationship and pointed out the analogy with the flexion reflex of the dog that had been extensively studied by Sherrington; the toe "extensors" shorten the leg and therefore they are flexors in a physiological sense. The normal (downward) toe response of the toes does not belong to a more complex movement, although Babinski originally believed this; it is a monosegmental skin reflex, akin to abdominal reflexes. Babinski correctly predicted that dysfunction of the pyramidal tract is not synonymous with a lesion, and that this dysfunction of the pyramidal system is necessary but not sufficient to produce a phénomène des orteils.
1996年是巴宾斯基描述足底刺激后趾反应（正常和病理）一百周年。一岁以内，趾背伸反应属正常，是腿部屈曲协同运动的一部分，这在1896年之前就已为人所知。巴宾斯基还认识到年长儿童和成人的趾现象（趾反射现象）与锥体系统功能障碍之间的关系。神经学家们对趾反应极为着迷，以至于提出了许多相互竞争的体征；其中大多数是对腿部其他部位的刺激，实际上是同一屈曲协同运动（只是暂时被遗忘了）的一部分。1910年至1915年，玛丽和福瓦以及沃尔什再次强调了这种关系，并指出这与谢灵顿广泛研究的狗的屈曲反射相似；趾“伸肌”使腿部缩短，因此从生理意义上讲它们是屈肌。尽管巴宾斯基最初是这样认为的，但正常的（向下的）趾反应并不属于更复杂的运动；它是一种单节段皮肤反射，类似于腹壁反射。巴宾斯基正确地预测到锥体束功能障碍并不等同于病变，而且锥体系统的这种功能障碍是产生趾反射现象所必需的，但并不充分。
