Fowler M E
Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, 95616-8737, USA.
Rev Sci Tech. 1996 Mar;15(1):15-42. doi: 10.20506/rst.15.1.910.
Wild animals have been maintained in close association with humans since the dawn of human creation. Tremendous advances have been made in the care and management of wild animals, but some areas still need improvement. It is therefore important to identify the husbandry factors which minimize or maximize the occurrence of infectious or parasitic diseases. A universal influence on all animals is stress, and it is critical that managers, administrators, veterinarians and regulatory officials understand the basic concepts and take steps to minimize stress in captive wild animal husbandry. To study the epizootiology of infectious and parasitic diseases, one must also understand the nidus concept of disease, which essentially holds that all animals evolved with a group of infectious and parasitic agents that have generally lived in harmony with their host. Now, with the movement of animals and agents throughout the world, explosive outbreaks of disease may occur, unless the responsible persons know which species may be closely associated, and follow appropriate husbandry practices and appropriate quarantine procedures.
自人类诞生之初，野生动物就一直与人类保持着密切联系。在野生动物的护理和管理方面已经取得了巨大进展，但有些领域仍需改进。因此，识别那些能使传染病或寄生虫病的发生率降至最低或升至最高的饲养因素非常重要。对所有动物都有普遍影响的一个因素是压力，管理人员、行政人员、兽医和监管官员必须理解基本概念，并采取措施将圈养野生动物饲养过程中的压力降至最低，这一点至关重要。为了研究传染病和寄生虫病的动物流行病学，还必须理解疾病的疫源地概念，该概念本质上认为，所有动物都是与一群感染性和寄生性病原体共同进化的，这些病原体通常与它们的宿主和谐共生。现在，随着动物和病原体在全球范围内的移动，除非相关责任人知道哪些物种可能密切相关，并遵循适当的饲养做法和适当的检疫程序，否则可能会爆发大规模疾病。
