Williams E S, Thorne E T
Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, 82070, USA.
Rev Sci Tech. 1996 Mar;15(1):91-114. doi: 10.20506/rst.15.1.915.
Captive carnivores are susceptible to a wide array of infectious and parasitic diseases, which reflects the diversity of the seven families of Carnivora. Unfortunately, relatively few in-depth studies have been conducted on diseases of non-domestic carnivores, and much remains to be learned, especially regarding diseases of small carnivores (e.g. mustelids, viverrids and procyonids). The more important infectious diseases of carnivores include rabies, canine distemper, and diseases caused by parvoviruses, coronaviruses and herpesviruses. Few parasitic or bacterial pathogens are significant in captive populations, and appropriate husbandry, therapy, vaccines and quarantine minimize the risk of disease. Extrapolations from one species to another regarding disease susceptibility may be incorrect. The black-footed ferret (Mustela nigripes) serves as an example of a carnivore significantly affected by infectious diseases, some of which were expected while others could not have been predicted from generalized knowledge of diseases of mustelids. This highlights the need to understand the natural history of each species maintained in captivity.
圈养的食肉动物易感染多种传染病和寄生虫病，这反映了食肉目七个科的多样性。不幸的是，针对非家养食肉动物疾病的深入研究相对较少，仍有许多有待了解的地方，尤其是关于小型食肉动物（如鼬科动物、灵猫科动物和浣熊科动物）的疾病。食肉动物更重要的传染病包括狂犬病、犬瘟热以及由细小病毒、冠状病毒和疱疹病毒引起的疾病。在圈养种群中，很少有寄生虫或细菌病原体具有重要意义，适当的饲养管理、治疗、疫苗接种和检疫可将疾病风险降至最低。关于疾病易感性从一个物种推断到另一个物种可能是不正确的。黑足雪貂（Mustela nigripes）就是一个受传染病严重影响的食肉动物的例子，其中一些疾病是预期中的，而另一些则无法从对鼬科动物疾病的一般了解中预测到。这凸显了了解圈养的每个物种自然史的必要性。
