Rodhain F
Unité d'écologie des systèmes vectoriels, Institut Pasteur, Paris.
Bull Soc Pathol Exot. 1996;89(2):103-6.
Aedes aegypti is originated from Africa and expanded around the tropical World with a pantropical distribution in 1930. Because of mosquito control, this extension decreased, but is still very important and threatening because of disease transmission. Eggs of Ae. aegypti can survive unfavorable conditions. Larvae and pupae of Ae. aegypti breed into natural or artificial containers, the last being the most important. Artificial breeding-sites are mostly water storage containers and discarded containers. The water storage containers, called "canaris" in West Africa, can assume different shape according to the human populations in which they are found. In Asia, water is stored everywhere, including in large towns. The adult females of Ae. aegypti are mostly diurnal and indoor feeders. Adult densities are variable and can reach huge numbers. Active dispersion of females is weak, one female usually visit one or two houses in its life. At the opposite, passive dispersion is extreme. The mean life duration of a female is about 2 to 3 weeks, thus when infected with dengue viruses, because of the duration of the extrinsic cycle of the viruses, a female has a low probability to survive enough to transmit the disease. Nevertheless, the system works quite well. Although Ae. aegypti is a "domestic" mosquito, its ecology remains largely misunderstood.
埃及伊蚊原产于非洲，1930年在热带地区广泛传播，分布于泛热带地区。由于蚊虫控制，其传播范围有所缩小，但由于疾病传播，其仍然非常重要且具有威胁性。埃及伊蚊的卵能在不利条件下存活。埃及伊蚊的幼虫和蛹在天然或人工容器中滋生，其中人工容器最为重要。人工滋生地主要是储水容器和废弃容器。在西非被称为“卡纳里斯”的储水容器，其形状会根据所在人群的不同而有所变化。在亚洲，水被储存在各个地方，包括大城市。埃及伊蚊的成年雌蚊大多在白天活动且在室内吸血。成虫密度各不相同，可能达到大量。雌蚊的主动扩散能力较弱，一只雌蚊一生通常只会拜访一到两所房屋。相反，被动扩散则极为显著。雌蚊的平均寿命约为2至3周，因此当感染登革病毒时，由于病毒外在循环的持续时间，雌蚊存活足够长时间以传播疾病的概率较低。然而，该系统运行得相当良好。尽管埃及伊蚊是一种“家蚊”，但其生态习性在很大程度上仍未被充分理解。
