Barker J M, Clothier C C, Woody J R, McKinney E H, Brown J L
Department of Behavioral Sciences, United States Air Force Academy, CO 80840-6228, USA.
Aviat Space Environ Med. 1996 Jan;67(1):3-7.
Most airline and military transport planes are flown by crews that have been teamed together for a short amount of time before disbanding and becoming part of a different crew (formed crew concept). Some military operations use a fixed crew concept, pairing crewmembers together for an indefinite period. This research investigated the effect of crew formation policy on aircrew performance during missions in U.S. Air Force KC-135 (tanker) simulators.
The performance of fixed aircrews is compared to formed aircrews flying the same simulator mission scenario, which included an in-flight emergency. Cockpit resource management (CRM) behavioral data and error data were collected by trained observers for 17 crews (9 fixed and 8 formed).
The results show that fixed crews committed more minor errors (4.4 per mission) than formed crews (2.6 per mission), t(14) = 2.32, p = 0.036. No differences were found concerning major errors or CRM behavioral indicators.
The results suggest the possibility of a "familiarity decline," where aircrew performance declines when crewmembers become too familiar with each other and may affect flight safety.
大多数航空公司和军事运输机由机组人员驾驶，这些机组人员在解散并成为不同机组（组建机组概念）的一部分之前，仅在一起合作很短一段时间。一些军事行动采用固定机组概念，将机组人员长期配对在一起。本研究调查了机组人员组建政策对美国空军KC - 135（加油机）模拟器任务期间机组人员表现的影响。
将固定机组的表现与执行相同模拟器任务场景（包括飞行中的紧急情况）的组建机组进行比较。训练有素的观察员收集了17个机组（9个固定机组和8个组建机组）的驾驶舱资源管理（CRM）行为数据和错误数据。
结果表明，固定机组犯下的小错误（每次任务4.4个）比组建机组（每次任务2.6个）更多，t(14) = 2.32，p = 0.036。在重大错误或CRM行为指标方面未发现差异。
结果表明存在“熟悉度下降”的可能性，即当机组人员彼此过于熟悉时，机组人员的表现会下降，这可能会影响飞行安全。
