Helmreich R L, Wilhelm J A, Gregorich S E, Chidester T R
Department of Psychology, University of Texas, Austin 78712.
Aviat Space Environ Med. 1990 Jun;61(6):576-9.
The first data from the NASA/University of Texas Crew Performance project on the behavior of flightcrews with and without formal training in Cockpit Resource Management (CRM) is reported. Expert observers made detailed ratings of 15 components of crew behavior in both line operations and in full mission simulations. The results indicate that such training in crew coordination concepts increases the percentage of crews rated as above average in performance and decreases the percentage rated as below average. The data also show high and unexpected degrees of variations in rated performance among crews flying different aircraft within the same organization. It was also found that the specific behaviors that triggered observer ratings of above or below average performance differed markedly between organizations. Characteristics of experts' ratings and future research needs are also discussed.
美国国家航空航天局（NASA）/德克萨斯大学机组人员绩效项目公布了关于接受和未接受驾驶舱资源管理（CRM）正式培训的机组人员行为的首批数据。专家观察员对实际飞行操作和全任务模拟中机组人员行为的15个组成部分进行了详细评分。结果表明，这种机组人员协作概念培训提高了被评为绩效高于平均水平的机组人员比例，降低了被评为低于平均水平的机组人员比例。数据还显示，同一组织内驾驶不同飞机的机组人员在评分绩效方面存在高度且出人意料的差异。研究还发现，不同组织之间，触发观察员对高于或低于平均水平绩效评分的具体行为存在显著差异。文中还讨论了专家评分的特点以及未来的研究需求。
